Sürdürülebilir Malzemelerin Büzülen Killerin İyileştirilmesinde Kullanımı

Öz

Dünyamız her geçen gün kirlenmeye devam etmektedir. Sürdürülebilir olmayan tüketim alışkanlıklarmız nedeniyle , doğal kaynaklarımız tükenirken doğaya geri dönülmez tahribatlar vermekteyiz. Bu tahribatlardan sıkça karşılaştığımız,üzerine inşası mümkün olmayan zeminlerin kazılıp doğal hayata kontrolsüzce dökülmesi ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan çevre tahribatıdır. Oluşan durum, özellikle büzülen killerin varlığı üzerinde inşa edilen yapılara zarar vermektedir. Bahse konu zeminlerin büzülme problemlerinin önlenebilmesi amacıyla, bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir malzemelerin kullanımı ön plana çıkartılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında geri dönüştürülmüş polipropilen fiber, odun külü ve bakır cürufu sırası ile fiziksel ve mekanik katkı malzemeler olarak kullanılmıştır. Yine en etkili iyileştirme yöntemlerinden biri olan çimento ile iyileştirme uygulanıp çimento kullanım miktarının sürdürülebilir malzemeler vasıtası ile azaltılması amaçlanmıştır. Yeniden yapılandırılan kil, çimento, fiber, çimento ile fiber, çimento ile odun külü ve çimento ile bakır cürufu karışımları farklı oranlarda hazırlanıp serbest büzülme deneyine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Deney süresince hazırlanan örneklerin yükseklik, çap ve ağırlıkları kaydedilerek yatay, dikey ve hacimsel büzülme yüzdeleri yanında ağırlık kaybı yüzdeleri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında bir-yönlü varyans analizi ve iki-yönlü varyans analizi modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonuçunda, %0.5 oranında sadece fiber katkının %7 oranında sadece çimento katkı kadar etkili olduğu bunun yanında %7 çimento ile %1 fiberlerin bir arada kullanılması ile büzülmeyi engellemede en etkili karışım olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Söz konusu iyileşmenin çimento ile fiberlerin bir arada kullanılması sebebi ile çimentonun fiber yüzeyini kaplaması ve yüzeyde oluşan gerilmeleri fiberlerin parlak yüzeylerine nazaran artırmasından dolayı olduğu görülmüştür. Kulanılan çimento mikatarını %10 ve %20 oranlarında azaltarak, odun külü ve bakır cürufu olarak değiştirilmesi neticesinde odun külünün %10 oranında, bakır curufuna nazaran daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Odun külü ile kildeki alüminin kimyasal etkileşimi hızlandırarak yoğunlaştırılmış kompozit bir yapı oluşturarak parçacıklar içindeki mevcut nemi izole edilerek ağırlık kaybını engelleyip hacimsel büzülmeyi azalttığı görülmüştür. Odun külü ve bakır cürufunun çimento iyileştirmeye nazaran etkisinin az olmasına rağmen çimento kullanımının azaltılması ve bahse konu malzemelerin atık oldukları ve bertaraf edilecekleri düşünüldüğü zaman, killerin büzülmesinin önlenmesinde kullanımları mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büzülme,Kil,ANOVA,Çimento,Odun külü,bakır curufu

Using Sustainable Materials to Treat Free Shrinkage of Clay

Abstract

Global warming, pandemics, and poverty are the evidences of human destruction of the planet. Excavating and disposing of fertile soils destructively effect wildlife and nature and causes natural disasters such as fires and flooding leading to economic losses and casualties. This study investigates the effects of mechanical and chemical stabilization agents on the shrinkage of marine deposited clays. Three different sustainable materials such as polypropylene fibers, wood ash, and copper slag were used to reduce cement usage in resisting shrinkage problem of the studied clay. Then, the prepared specimen was brought to a slurry state to produce a mix of adequate workability and erase the structure of clay to better highlight the effect of replacement materials. In a controlled environment, the specimens were subjected to free shrinkage and specimen height, diameter, and mass were measured at regular intervals until the dried condition was reached and no further change was monitored. The measurements were then averaged for each set of mix to calculate axial, radial, and volumetric shrinkage strains as well as weight loss. The obtained data were further statistically assessed by evaluating the individual impact of each controllable factor and second-order interaction of cement and fiber. The results indicated that a mix of 1% fiber and 7% cement performed best for reducing the volumetric shrinkage of the clay. Furthermore, the availability of aluminous elements in clay accelerated the chemical interaction with cement and wood ash particles, forming a densified composite structure. This interaction appears to isolate the available moisture in the particles and restrict weight loss, resulting in reduced volumetric shrinkage of wood ash treated specimens. In addition to the environmental and economic benefits of cement usage reduction, using harmful waste materials such as recycled polypropylene fiber, wood ash, and copper slag enable their safe disposal. Incorporating such materials in-situ requires no specific tools; field application is conventional and straightforward.

Keywords

• Shrinkage,Clay,Analysis of variance,Wood ash,Copper Slag

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