Vitamin C and Effect on Diseases

Abstract

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient, necessary for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body. Vitamin C, which is found in many fruits and vegetables, cannot be synthesized in the human body, so it must be taken from the outside. Both reduced form L-ascorbic acid and the oxidized form of L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) maintain vitamin C activity. Ascorbic acid is transported into the cell via sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs), while DHA is transported through the glucose transporters family (GLUTs). Its concentration in plasma after oral intake of vitamin C is tightly controlled by transporters necessary to enter the cell and intracellular organelles. Vitamin C plays an important role in a number of metabolic functions, such as the conversion of tryptophan to the neurotransmitter serotonin, folic acid activation, and the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. In addition to being a cofactor of the biosynthetic and gene regulating enzyme family, it also protects against many diseases by reducing the free radical damage of the body through its strong antioxidant activity. Recent studies have focused on the possible new therapeutic effects of vitamin C on many chronic diseases. In this review, the mechanisms of the effect of adequate vitamin C intake to maintain normal body function, to help treat some diseases and vitamin C deficiency in increasing the risk of various diseases are discussed.

Keywords

• Vitamin C
• Ascorbic Acid
• Dehydroascorbic Acid
• Antioxidant
• Nutrition
• Disease
• Mechanism of Action

Vitamin C ve Hastalıklar Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Vitamin C, vücuttaki çeşitli biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik süreçler için gerekli olan esansiyel bir mikrobesin ögesidir. Birçok meyve ve sebzede bulunan vitamin C, insan vücudunda sentezlenemediğinden dışarıdan diyetle alınması gerekmektedir. İndirgenmiş form olan L-askorbik asit ve yükseltgenmiş form olan L-dehidroaskorbik asit (DHA)’in, her ikisi de vitamin C aktivitesini korumaktadır. Askorbik asit, sodyum bağımlı vitamin C taşıyıcıları (SVCT'ler) aracılığıyla hücreye taşınırken, DHA glikoz taşıyıcı ailesi (GLUT'lar) yoluyla taşınır. Vitamin C’nin oral alımından sonra plazmadaki konsantrasyonu, hücreye ve hücre içi organellere girmek için gerekli olan taşıyıcılar tarafından sıkı bir şekilde kontrol edilmektedir. Vitamin C, triptofanın nörotransmitter olan serotonine dönüşümü, folik asit aktivasyonu ve kolesterolün safra asitlerine dönüşümü gibi bir dizi metabolik fonksiyonda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Biyosentetik ve gen düzenleyici enzim ailesinin bir kofaktörü olmasının yanı sıra güçlü antioksidan aktivitesi sayesinde vücudun serbest radikal hasarını azaltarak çoğu hastalığa karşı da koruyucu etki göstermektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar, birçok kronik hastalık üzerine vitamin C’nin olası yeni terapötik etkilerine odaklanmıştır. Bu derlemede yeterli miktarda vitamin C alımının normal vücut fonksiyonlarının sürdürülmesine, bazı hastalıklarda tedaviye yardımcı olmasına ve eksikliğinin çeşitli hastalık risklerini artırmasına yönelik etki mekanizmalarına değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin C
• Askorbik Asit
• Dehidroaskorbik Asit
• Antioksidan
• Beslenme
• Hastalık
• Etki Mekanizması

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