AMPK's Natural Activators and Relationships with Diseases

Abstract

Protein kinase (AMPK) activated by AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) is a regulator that provides energy homeostasis by activating energy-producing pathways and inactivating energy-consuming pathways. AMPK belongs to the serine / threonine kinase family and consists of three subunits (α, β and γ) structurally. AMPK can be activated with two mechanisms, one of which is an increase in cellular AMP levels, the other is LKB1 (serine – threonine kinase liver kinase B1), CaMKKβ (Ca2 + / calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β), TAK1 or MLK3 and phosphorylation of Thr172 in the activation cycle of the α subunit. While activation of AMPK provides inhibition of fatty acids, glycogen and cholesterol synthesis; fatty acid oxidation, GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) translocation without being dependent on insulin and activation of the autophagy process are provided. AMPK shows its effect on diseases by regulating many metabolic and physiological pathways, after activation with various factors. It has been observed that increasing AMPK activation plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases such as prediabetes, diabetes, obesity and cancer. There are many factors that affect AMPK activity. Synthetic drugs, natural components and exercise are among these activators. Research in recent years has focused especially on natural components that affect the activation of AMPK among these products. The purpose of this review is to examine the effect on AMPK activation and diseases, of natural components such as berberine, resveratrol, curcumin, ginseng, etc

Keywords

• AMPK
• Activator
• Mechanism of Action
• Disease
• Natural Component

AMPK’nın Doğal Aktivatörleri ve Hastalıklarla İlişkisi

Öz

AMP (Adenozin monofosfat) ile aktifleştirilen protein kinaz (AMPK), enerji üreten yolları aktive edip enerji tüketen yolları inaktive ederek enerji homeostazını sağlayan bir düzenleyicidir. AMPK, serin/treonin kinaz ailesine aittir ve yapısal olarak üç alt birimden (α, β ve γ) oluşmaktadır. Biri hücresel AMP seviyelerinde artış, diğeri LKB1 (serine–threonine kinase liver kinase B1), CaMKKβ (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β), TAK1 veya MLK3 ile α alt biriminin aktivasyon döngüsünde Thr172’nin fosforilasyonu yolu olmak üzere, AMPK iki mekanizma ile aktive edilebilmektedir. AMPK’nın aktivasyonu ile yağ asitleri, glikojen ve kolesterol sentezinin inhibasyonu sağlanırken; yağ asidi oksidasyonu, insüline bağımlı olmaksızın GLUT4 (glukoz taşıyıcı tip 4) translokasyonu ve otofaji işleminin aktivasyonu sağlanmaktadır. AMPK hastalıklar üzerine olan etkisini, çeşitli faktörler ile aktive olduktan sonra birçok metabolik ve fizyolojik yolağı düzenleyerek göstermektedir. AMPK aktivasyonunun arttırılmasının prediyabet, diyabet, obezite ve kanser gibi çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür. AMPK aktivitesini etkileyen pek çok etken bulunmaktadır. Sentetik ilaçlar, doğal bileşenler ve egzersiz bu aktivatörler arasında yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar, özellikle bu ürünler arasında AMPK’nın aktivasyonunu etkileyen doğal bileşenlere odaklanmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı berberin, resveratrol, kurkumin, ginseng vb. gibi doğal bileşenlerin AMPK aktivasyonu ve hastalıklar üzerine etkisini incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AMPK
• Aktivatör
• Etki Mekanizması
• Hastalık
• Doğal Bileşen

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