Design Factors for Anaerobic Fermenter in Biogas Production From Agricultural Wastes

Abstract

For biogas production, in order to improve and speed up the process of determining the material to be used, fermenter designs suitable for various common features of these materials are required. The biggest problem in the use of agricultural biomass in the anaerobic fermentation process is that the material sizes and compositions are variable due to the different production systems. Fermenter design is an important factor affecting methane yield and anaerobic fermentation process. Effective factors in fermenter design can be examined in two basic groups, mainly the properties of the raw material to be used and operating variables. Commercial-scale anaerobic fermenters are generally operated below the appropriate loading rates (OLR) due to insufficient monitoring and control systems. This can lead to instability in the fermentation process by creating inhibitory compounds such as highly volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that affect methanogens. The rate of failure has reached high levels in plug flow and continuously stirred type fermenters. It is important to use automatic measurement and control systems to maintain suitable working conditions for fermenters. In this study, biological, technical, economical and environmental factors have been evaluated for fermenter design.

Keywords

• Biogas production
• Fermenter design
• Agricultural wastes

Tarımsal Atıklardan Biyogaz Üretimi İçin Anaerobik Fermentör Tasarımında Etkili Etmenler

Abstract

Biyogaz üretmek amacıyla, kullanılacak materyalin belirlenmesi süreçlerini iyileştirmek ve hızlandırmak için, bu materyallerin çeşitli ortak özelliklerine uygun fermentör tasarımları gereklidir. Anaerobik fermentasyon işleminde tarımsal biyokütle kullanımındaki en büyük sorun, üretim sistemlerinin farklı olması nedeniyle, materyal boyutları ve bileşimlerinin değişken olmasıdır. Fermentör tasarımı, metan verimini ve anaerobik fermentasyon sürecini etkileyen önemli bir etmendir. Fermentör tasarımında etkili etmenler esas olarak, kullanılacak hammaddenin özellikleri ve işletme değişkenleri olmak üzere iki temel grupta incelenebilir. Ticari ölçekli anaerobik fermentörler, izleme ve kontrol sistemlerinin yetersiz olması nedeniyle, genellikle uygun yükleme oranlarının (OLR) altında çalıştırılmaktadır. Bu durum, metanojenleri etkileyen yüksek oranda uçucu yağ asitleri (VFA) gibi, inhibitör bileşikler oluşturarak, fermentasyon sürecinde kararsızlığa neden olabilir. Fermentörlerin arızalanma oranı, düzensiz akışlı ve sürekli karıştırılan tip fermentörlerde yüksek düzeylere ulaşmıştır. Fermentörler için uygun çalışma koşullarının sürdürülebilmesi için, otomatik ölçme ve kontrol sistemlerinin kullanılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, anaerobik fermentör tasarımında etkili; biyolojik, teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel ölçütler değerlendirilmiştir

Keywords

• Biyogaz üretimi
• Fermentör tasarımı
• Tarımsal atıklar

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