Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) from SAR Imaginary by Using Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract

Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) in Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images becomes a very challenging problem owing to containing high level noise. In this study, a machine learning-based method is proposed to detect different moving and stationary targets using SAR images. First Order Statistical (FOS) features were obtained from Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on gray level SAR images. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) and Gray Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) algorithms are also used. These features are provided as input for the training and testing stage Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with Gaussian kernels. 4-fold cross-validations were implemented in performance evaluation. Obtained results showed that GLCM + SVM algorithm is the best model with 95.26% accuracy. This proposed method shows that moving and stationary targets in MSTAR database could be recognized with high performance.

Keywords

• SAR
• Target Recognition
• Machine Learning
• Feature Extraction
• Support Vector Machine

Makine Öğrenimi Tekniklerini Kullanarak SAR Görüntülemesinden Otomatik Hedef Tanıma (OHT)

Öz

Sentetik açıklıklı radar (SAR) görüntülerinde Otomatik Hedef Tanıma (OHT), içerdiği yüksek seviyeli gürültü nedeniyle çözümü çok zor bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, SAR görüntülerini kullanarak farklı hareketli ve sabit hedefleri tespit etmek için makine öğrenmesine dayalı bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Birinci Derece İstatistik (BDİ) özellikleri, gri seviyedeki SAR görüntülerinde Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü (HFD), Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü (AKD) ve Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümü (ADD) uygulandıktan sonra elde edilmiştir. Gri Seviye Eş Oluşum Matrisi (GSEOM), Gri Seviye Çalışma Uzunluğu Matrisi (GSÇUM) ve Gri Seviye Boyutu Bölge Matrisi (GSBBM) algoritmaları da özellik elde edilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu özellikler, eğitim ve test aşaması için Gaussian çekirdeklere sahip Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM) modeli için girdi olarak verilmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesinde 4 katlı çapraz doğrulama yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, GSEOM + DVM algoritmasının % 95.26 doğrulukla en iyi model olduğunu göstermiştir. Önerilen bu yöntem, MSTAR veri tabanındaki hareketli ve sabit hedeflerin yüksek performansla tanınabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SAR
• Hedef Tanıma
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Özellik Çıkarımı
• Destek Vektör Makinesi

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