Advanced Biomedical Imaging Technologies In Clinical Applications

Abstract

Imaging has an important role in the medical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Thanks to biomedical imaging technologies, medical imaging tools have been developed that image the inside of the body using non-invasive methods. High-resolution medical images are produced by using the interaction of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with the human body with imaging techniques in today's clinical applications. In this article, within the scope of advanced biomedical imaging technologies currently used; X-ray (x-ray) imaging (x-ray radiography), computed tomography (CT), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Positron emission tomography (PET), ultrasound imaging, Doppler ultrasound, electrical impedance tomography (EIT), and infrared thermal imaging (IRT), respectively. The details of working principles, benefits, risks, advantages, disadvantages, and application areas of these techniques have been presented. For the examined techniques, comparative information about image quality (spatial resolution and contrast), the effect of radiation on the body (ionization level) and the usability (real-time information and cost) of the system and application areas have been given.

Keywords

• Medical imaging
• x-ray (Roentgen) imaging
• computed tomography
• , digital breast tomosynthesis
• magnetic resonance imaging
• COVID-19

Klinik Uygulamalarda İleri Biyomedikal Görüntüleme Teknolojileri

Öz

Hastalıkların tıbbi tanı ve tedavisinde görüntüleme çok önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Biyomedikal görüntüleme teknolojileri sayesinde, vücudun içini invaziv olmayan yöntemlerle görüntüleyen tıbbi görüntüleme araçları geliştirilmiştir. Günümüz klinik uygulamalarındaki görüntüleme teknikleri ile iyonize ve iyonize olmayan radyasyonun, insan vücuduyla etkileşimi kullanılarak yüksek çözünürlükte tıbbi görüntüler üretilmektedir. Bu makalede hali hazırda kullanılan ileri biyomedikal görüntüleme teknolojileri kapsamında; Röntgen (x-ray) görüntüleme (x-ray radyografisi), bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), sayısal meme tomosentezi (SMT), manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI), fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (fMRI), tek foton emisyonlu bilgisayarlı tomografi (SPECT), pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET), ultrason görüntüleme, Doppler ultrason, elektrik empedansı tomografisi (EIT) ve kızılötesi termal görüntüleme (IRT) sırasıyla incelenmiştir. Bu tekniklerin çalışma prensipleri, faydaları, riskleri, avantajları, dezavantajları ve uygulama alanları ayrıntılarıyla sunulmuştur. İncelenen teknikler için, görüntü kalitesi (mekânsal çözünürlük ve kontrast), radyasyonun vücuda etkisi (iyonizasyon seviyesi) ve sistemin kullanılabilirliği (gerçek zamanlı bilgi ve maliyeti) ve uygulama alanları hakkında karşılaştırmalı bilgiler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tıbbi Görüntüleme
• x-ray (Röntgen) Görüntüleme
• Bilgisayarlı Tomografi
• Sayısal Meme Tomosentezi
• Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülüme
• COVID-19

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