Biotechnological Approaches to Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Abstract

The World population is increasing rapidly therefore, it is increasing the expectation of high efficiency demanded from this agricultural production. During the supply of expectations problem arise belonging to biotic and abiotic factors. Plant parasitic nematodes, one of the biotic factors, cause yield losses around 125 million dollars annually. Control of plant parasitic nematodes is mostly done by chemical pesticides and have place in market approximately 8 million dollars. Chemical pesticides affect human, environment and non-target organisms negatively therefore new alternative control methods need to improve. Biotechnological control methods for plant parasitic nematodes have increased rapidly in recent years. These methods are natural resistance, RNA interference, proteinase inhibitor, lectin base control and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based control. This new approaches of biotechnological methods for controlling plant parasitic nematodes can use for producing high yield and quality products in short period. In this study, biological approaches to control of plant parasitic nematodes have been reviewed.

Keywords

• Plant Parasitic Nematodes
• Control Methods
• Biotechnology

Bitki Paraziti Nematodlarla Mücadelede Biyoteknolojik Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Dünya nüfusunun her geçen gün artması, tarımsal üretimden istenen yüksek verim beklentisini de artırmaktadır. Bu beklentinin karşılanması esnasında biyotik ve abiyotik faktörlere bağlı sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Biyotik faktörler içerisinde bulunan bitki paraziti nematodlar yıllık ortalama 125 milyon dolarlık ürün kaybı ile önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bitki paraziti nematodlarla mücadelede yaklaşık 8 milyon dolarlık pazara sahip kimyasal mücadele ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Kimyasal ilaçların çevreye, insanlara ve hedef alınmayan organizmalara olan olumsuz etkileri dolayısıyla yeni alternatif mücadele yöntemleri geliştirilmelidir. Son yıllarda biyoteknolojik yöntemler kullanılarak bitki paraziti nematodların kontrolü çalışmaları hızla artış göstermektedir. Bu metotlar nematodlara karşı doğal dayanıklıklar, bitki RNA’sının susturulması, proteinaz inhibitörlerinin kullanımı, lektinler aracılığı ile sağlanan dayanıklık ve Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteinleri aracılığı ile sağlanan dayanıklıklar şeklinde sıralanabilir. Bitki paraziti nematodları kontrol etmek için kullanılan bu yeni biyoteknolojik yöntemler kısa sürede yüksek verim ve kaliteli ürünler üretmek için kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bitki paraziti nematodlarla mücadelede biyoteknolojik yaklaşımlar derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki Paraziti Nematodlar
• Mücadele Yöntemleri
• Biyoteknoloji

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