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Voltage Control at Building Integrated Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine System with PI-PD Controller

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 992 - 1003, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.668427

Abstract

With the gradual decline in fossil fuels, the area of interest for electric power generation has shifted to wind turbines and other sources of DC electricity such as PV (photovoltaic). Since the voltage output values of these sources vary over a wide range, DC/AC inverters should be used which give an increased constant output voltage and well controlled output voltage. In residential buildings that meet the energy need from non-continuous renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines, it is very important to ensure constant quality power flow to the building, especially when energy demand varies sharply. In this study, it is aimed to control the voltage consumed in the houses by controlling the three phase PWM (pulses width modulation) voltage source inverter system (VSI) with PI-PD controller in the integrated smart building system of renewable energy sources (solar panel and wind turbine). First the building integrated solar and wind systems (BIPv/Wt-Building Integrated PV Panel and Wind Turbine) design, then the controller design and the simulation of the system have been made at this research. After obtaining the transfer function of the BIPv/Wt system, the parameters of the PI-PD controller were calculated using the frequency response analysis method. In the BIPv/Wt system, we used PI-PD, integer order PI and fractional order PI control structures to control the closed voltage control loop in the DC/AC inverter system used to control the voltage used in the building. In order to compare the voltages of the control structures on the voltage used in the building, we installed our system on the Matlab / Simulink platform and performed simulations for two test scenarios. Depending on the phase voltages plotting the simulation results and the harmonic values measured, it is seen that using PI-PD control has more positive results for the systems showing the energy demand for the day such as building systems.

References

  • Chaib A., Achour D., Kesraoui M. (2016) Control of a solar PV/wind hybrid energy system. Energy Procedia, 95, 89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.028.
  • Dai Y-X., Wang H., Zeng G-Q. (2016) Double closed-loop PI control of three-phase inverters by binary-coded extremal optimization. IEEE Access, 4, 7621-7632, doi:10.1109/access.2016.2619691.
  • Gül O., Tan N. (2019) Application of Fractional Order Voltage Controller in Building Integrated Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine. Measurement and Control, 52(7-8), 1145-1158. doi:10.1177/0020294019858213.
  • Kaygusuz A., Keleş C., Alagöz B. B., Karabiber A. (2013) Renewable energy integration for smart sites. Energy and Building, 64, 456-462. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.05.031. Kim K., Cha H., Kim H. G. A. (2017) A new single-phase switched-coupled-inductor DC-AC inverter for photovoltaic systems. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 32, 5016-5018, doi:10.1109/tepel.2016.2606489.
  • Lenzen M., Wier M., Cohen C., Hayami H., Pachauri S., Schaeffer R. (2006) A comparative multivariate analysis of household energy requirements in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India and Japan. Energy, 31, 181–207, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.01.009.
  • Lind A., Rosenberg E., Seljom P., Espegren K., Fidje A., Lindberg K. (2013) Analysis of the EU renewable energy directive by a techno-economic optimization model. Energy Policy, 60, 364–377. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.053.
  • Liu S., Bi T., Xue A., Yang Q. (2012) An Optimal Method for Designing the Controllers Used in Grid-Connected PV Systems, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), Wollongong, Australia.
  • Luo Y., Chen Y., Wang C., Pi Y. G. (2010) Tuning fractional order proportional integral controllers for fractional order systems. Journal of Process Control , 20, 823-831, doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2010.04.011.
  • Maiti D., Acharya A., Chakraborty M., Konar A., Janarthanan R. (2008) Tuning PID and Fractional PID Controllers using the Integral Time Absolute Error Criterion, 4th International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability, IEEE. doi:10.1109/iciafs.2008.4783932.
  • Malek H., Luo Y., Chen Y. (2013) Identification and tuning fractional order proportional integral controllers for time delayed systems with a fractional pole. Mechatronics, 23(7), 746-754, doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.02.005.
  • Malek H. (2014) Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Fractional Order Operators, PhD. Thesis, Utah University, Utah. Mu K., Ma X., Mu X., Zhu D. (2011) Study on Passivity-Based Control of Voltage Source PWM DC/AC Inverter, International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, Harbin, China.
  • Nookuea W., Campana P. E., Yan J. (2016) Evaluation of solar PV and wind alternatives for self renewable energy supply: Case study of shrimp cultivation, Energy Procedia, 88, 462-469. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.026.
  • Rafiei S. M. R., Ghazi R., Asgharian R., Barakati M., Toliyat H. A. (2003) Robust Control of DC/DC PWM Converters: A comparison of H∞, PIλ, and fuzzy logic based approaches, Proceedings of the IEEE 2003 Control Applications Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, 2003.
  • Rasoanarivo I., Arab-Tehrani K.., Sargos F. M. (2011) Fractional order PID and modulated hysteresis for high performance current control in multilevel inverters. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 2011, Orlando, FL, USA.
  • Tan N. (2009) Computation of Stabilizing PI-PD Controllers, International Journal of Control Automation and Systems, 7(2), 175-184, doi:10.1007/s12555-009-0203.
  • Tehrani K. A., Capitaine T., Barrandon L., Hamzaoui M.,Rafiei S. M. R. (2011) Current Control Design with a Fractional-Order PID for a Three-Level Inverter, Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011,14th European Conference on Publication, Birmingham, England.

PI-PD Denetleyicisi ile Fotovoltaik ve Rüzgar Türbini Entegre Bina Sisteminde Gerilim Kontrolü

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 992 - 1003, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.668427

Abstract

Fosil yakıtların giderek azalması ile elektrik enerjisi üretimi için ilgi alanının rüzgar türbünü ve PV (fotovoltaik) gibi DC elektrik üreten diğer kaynaklara yönelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu kaynakların gerilim çıkış değerleri geniş bir aralıkta değiştiği için yükseltilmiş sabit bir çıkış gerilimi veren ve çıkış gerilimi iyi kontrol edilebilen DC/AC invertörlerin kullanılması gerekir. Enerji ihtiyacını güneş paneli ve rüzgar türbinleri gibi sürekli olmayan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından karşılayan konut binalarında özellikle enerji talebinin çok keskin değişkenlik gösterdiği zamanlarda binaya sabit kalitede güç akışının sağlanması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, yenilebilir enerji kaynakları (güneş paneli ve rüzgar türbünü) entegre akıllı bina sisteminde PI-PD kontrolör ile üç fazlı PWM (pulses width modulation) gerilim kaynaklı evirici sistemi (VSI) kontrol edilerek konutlarda tüketilen gerilim kontrol edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada önce binaya entegre güneş ve rüzgar sistemleri (BIPv/Wt-Bina Entegre PV Panel ve Rüzgar Türbini) tasarımı, daha sonra kontrolör tasarımı ve sistemin simülasyonu yapılmıştır. BIPv/Wt sisteminin transfer fonksiyonu elde edildikten sonra ve frekans cevap analizi yöntemiyle PI-PD kontrolörünün parametreleri hesaplandı. BIPv/Wt sisteminde binada kullanılan gerilimi kontrol etmek için kullandığımız DC/AC inverter sisteminde kapalı gerilim kontrol döngüsünü kontrol etmek için PI-PD, klasik PI ve kesir dereceli PI kontrol yapılarını kullandık. kontrol yapılarının binada kullanılan gerilim üzerinde gerilimleri karşılaştırmak için iki test senaryosu için Matlab/Simulink platformunda sistemimizi kurup simulasyonlar gerçekleştirdik. Simulasyon sonuçları çizdiren faz gerilimleri ve ölçülen gerilim harmonik değerlerine bağlı olarak bina sistemleri gibi gün için enerji talebi değişkenlik gösteren sistemler için PI-PD kontrol kullanmanın daha olumlu sonuçları elde ettiği görülmüştür.

References

  • Chaib A., Achour D., Kesraoui M. (2016) Control of a solar PV/wind hybrid energy system. Energy Procedia, 95, 89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.028.
  • Dai Y-X., Wang H., Zeng G-Q. (2016) Double closed-loop PI control of three-phase inverters by binary-coded extremal optimization. IEEE Access, 4, 7621-7632, doi:10.1109/access.2016.2619691.
  • Gül O., Tan N. (2019) Application of Fractional Order Voltage Controller in Building Integrated Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine. Measurement and Control, 52(7-8), 1145-1158. doi:10.1177/0020294019858213.
  • Kaygusuz A., Keleş C., Alagöz B. B., Karabiber A. (2013) Renewable energy integration for smart sites. Energy and Building, 64, 456-462. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.05.031. Kim K., Cha H., Kim H. G. A. (2017) A new single-phase switched-coupled-inductor DC-AC inverter for photovoltaic systems. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 32, 5016-5018, doi:10.1109/tepel.2016.2606489.
  • Lenzen M., Wier M., Cohen C., Hayami H., Pachauri S., Schaeffer R. (2006) A comparative multivariate analysis of household energy requirements in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India and Japan. Energy, 31, 181–207, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.01.009.
  • Lind A., Rosenberg E., Seljom P., Espegren K., Fidje A., Lindberg K. (2013) Analysis of the EU renewable energy directive by a techno-economic optimization model. Energy Policy, 60, 364–377. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.053.
  • Liu S., Bi T., Xue A., Yang Q. (2012) An Optimal Method for Designing the Controllers Used in Grid-Connected PV Systems, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), Wollongong, Australia.
  • Luo Y., Chen Y., Wang C., Pi Y. G. (2010) Tuning fractional order proportional integral controllers for fractional order systems. Journal of Process Control , 20, 823-831, doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2010.04.011.
  • Maiti D., Acharya A., Chakraborty M., Konar A., Janarthanan R. (2008) Tuning PID and Fractional PID Controllers using the Integral Time Absolute Error Criterion, 4th International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability, IEEE. doi:10.1109/iciafs.2008.4783932.
  • Malek H., Luo Y., Chen Y. (2013) Identification and tuning fractional order proportional integral controllers for time delayed systems with a fractional pole. Mechatronics, 23(7), 746-754, doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.02.005.
  • Malek H. (2014) Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Fractional Order Operators, PhD. Thesis, Utah University, Utah. Mu K., Ma X., Mu X., Zhu D. (2011) Study on Passivity-Based Control of Voltage Source PWM DC/AC Inverter, International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, Harbin, China.
  • Nookuea W., Campana P. E., Yan J. (2016) Evaluation of solar PV and wind alternatives for self renewable energy supply: Case study of shrimp cultivation, Energy Procedia, 88, 462-469. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.026.
  • Rafiei S. M. R., Ghazi R., Asgharian R., Barakati M., Toliyat H. A. (2003) Robust Control of DC/DC PWM Converters: A comparison of H∞, PIλ, and fuzzy logic based approaches, Proceedings of the IEEE 2003 Control Applications Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, 2003.
  • Rasoanarivo I., Arab-Tehrani K.., Sargos F. M. (2011) Fractional order PID and modulated hysteresis for high performance current control in multilevel inverters. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 2011, Orlando, FL, USA.
  • Tan N. (2009) Computation of Stabilizing PI-PD Controllers, International Journal of Control Automation and Systems, 7(2), 175-184, doi:10.1007/s12555-009-0203.
  • Tehrani K. A., Capitaine T., Barrandon L., Hamzaoui M.,Rafiei S. M. R. (2011) Current Control Design with a Fractional-Order PID for a Three-Level Inverter, Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011,14th European Conference on Publication, Birmingham, England.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozan Gül 0000-0002-1724-2992

Nusret Tan 0000-0002-1285-1991

Publication Date April 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Gül, O., & Tan, N. (2020). Voltage Control at Building Integrated Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine System with PI-PD Controller. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(18), 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.668427