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124,125Te(p,xn)123,124I ve 123,124Te(d,xn)123,124I İçin Reaksiyon Tesir Kesitleri

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 958 - 963, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.717826

Abstract

İyodin izotopları, 13.2 saat yarı ömürlü 123I ve 4.2 gün yarı ömürlü 124I, son zamanlarda genelde nükleer tıp alanında yaygın olarak kullanılırlar. 123I izotopu hastaya çok daha düşük bir radyasyon dozu verir ve 159 keV gama ışını enerjisine sahip bir gama kamerası için idealdir, oysa radyonüklid 124I bir positron yayıcıdır ve radyofarmasötikler için bazı pozitron emisyon tomografisinde (PET) yararlıdır. Gama ışını, aşırı radyasyon dozu olmadan dokuya çok etkili bir şekilde nüfuz eder. 123I, elektron yakalama ile 0.028 ve 0.160 MeV'de iki ana gama ışını ile %100 bozunur. 4.2 d'nin yarı ömrü, monoklonal antikorlarla lokalizasyon için yeterince uzundur ve %23 pozitron bozunması, PET ile görüntülemeye izin verir. 124I, hem diagnostik hem de terapötik bir radyonüklid olarak potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 123I ve 124I için önerilen çeşitli üretim mekanizmaları için uyarma fonksiyonları hesaplanmıştır. 123,124,125Te hedef çekirdeklerinin protonlar ve döteryumlarla indüklenmesi sonucu tıbbi uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan 123,124I radyoizotoplarının üretilmesini sağlayan nükleer reaksiyonları için reaksiyon tesir kesitleri TALYS 1.6 kullanılarak hesaplandı. Hesaplamalardan elde edilen sonuçlar EXFOR deneysel veri tabanında mevcut olan deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar hangi radoizotopun hangi reaksiyon ile üretilmesinin daha uygun olacığına karar vermek ve reaksiyon mekanizmalarında yer alan etkilerin değerlendirilmesi açısından yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca, 124Te hedefinin protonlarla indüklenmesiyle elde edilen 123,124I radyoizotoplarının göreceli reaksiyon tesir kesitleri tartışılmış 123I üretimi için ortak reaksiyonun oldukça zenginleştirilmiş 124Te üzerindeki 124Te (p, 2n) 123I reaksiyonu olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece bir reaksiyon esnasında (p, n) ve (p, 2n) gibi birbiriyle yarışması muhtemel reaksiyon mekanizmalarının oluşturduğu kontaminasyonun önüne geçilmesi için hedef üzerinde oldukça yüksek düzeyde zengişlendirme işleminin öncelikli olarak yapılmasının bir gereklilik olduğu düşünülmektedir. 123I üretiminin küçük ve orta boy siklotronlar için daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • International Atomic Energy Agency ‘Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Physicsal Characteristics and Production Methods’; Technical Reports Series No. 468; 2009 VIENNA.
  • Ronald Finn and David Schlyer, PRODUCTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE l’CLASSICAIJ’ PET NUCI.IDES, Department of Radiology, MenloriaI Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York and *Departnlent of Chemistry, J3rookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L. I., New York
  • Koning A. J., Hilaire S., Duijvestijin., 2007. Proceedings of The International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, (Eds.:Bersillon O., Gunsing F., Bauge E., Jacqmin R., Leray S.) EDP Sciences, Nice, pp. 211-214.
  • https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm (15 April 2014).
  • B Scholten, Z Kovács, F Tárkányi, S.M Qaim ‘Excitation functions of 124Te(p, xn)124, 123I reactions from 6 to 31 MeV with special reference to the production of 124I at a small cyclotron’ Applied Radiation and isotopes, Volume 46, Issue 4, April 1995, Pages 255–259.
  • K. Kondo, R.M. Lambrecht, A.P. Wolf odine-123 production for radiopharmaceuticals—XX ☆: Excitation functions of the 124Te(p, 2n)123I and 124Te(p, n)124I reactions and the effect of target enrichment on radionuclidic purity The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 395–401
  • Mahmoud L. Firouzbakht, David J. Schlyer, Ronald D. Finn, Guiseppe Laguzzi, Alfred P. Wolf ‘Iodine-124 production: excitation function for the 124Te(d,2n)124I and 124Te(d,3n)123I reactions from 7 to 24 MeV’ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 79, Issue 1-4, June 1993, Pages 909–910.
  • S. Goriely, Phys. Lett. B436, 10 (1998).
  • Mahmoud L. Firouzbakht, David J. Schlyer, Ronald D. Finn, Guiseppe Laguzzi, Alfred P. Wolf ‘Iodine-124 production: excitation function for the 124Te(d,2n)124I and 124Te(d,3n)123I reactions from 7 to 24 MeV’ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms’ Volume 79, Issue 1-4, June 1993, pp. 909–910.
  • Th Bastian, H.H Coenen, S.M Qaim ‘Excitation functions of 124Te(d,xn)124,125I reactions from threshold up to 14 MeV: comparative evaluation of nuclear routes for the production of 124I’ Applied Radiation and isotopes, Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2001, pp. 303–308.

The Reaction Cross Sections for 124,125Te(p,xn)123,124I and 123,124Te(d,xn)123,124I

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 958 - 963, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.717826

Abstract

The iodine isotopes of 123I and 124I with half lives of 13.2 hours and of 4.2 days respectively are commonly used in nuclear medicine and are becoming more widespread recently. The isotope of 123I is ideal for a gamma camera with the energy of 159 keV to the patient with a much less radiation dose whereas the radionuclide 124I is a positron emitter and is useful in some positron emission tomography (PET) for radiopharmaceuticals. The gamma ray will penetrate tissue very effectively without an excessive radiation dose. Iodine-123 decays by electron capture emitting gamma rays at 0.028 and 0.160 MeV that has high penetration power to tissue but no excessive radiation dose. The half-life of 4.2 d and the 23% positron decay allow localization with monoclonal antibodies, and the PET imaging which makes Iodine-124 radionuclide a good candidate for being a diagnostic and a therapeutic.This study aims on the calculation of the excitation functions for 123I and 124I various production mechanisms. TALYS 1.6 is used to calculate the reaction cross sections for 123,124,125Te bombarded with protons and deuteriums to produce 123,124I radioisotopes commonly used in medical applications. The calculated results were compared with available experimental results from EXFOR. The results are interpreted in terms of deciding which radoisotope is more appropriate to produce with which reaction and evaluating the effects in the reaction mechanisms. In addition, the relative reaction cross-sections of 123,124I radioisotopes obtained by bombarding 124Te target with protons were discussed, and the common reaction for the production of 123I was evaluated to be the 124Te(p, 2n)123I reaction on the highly enriched 124Te. Thus, it is considered that a very high level of enrichment on the target must be achieved in order to prevent contamination caused by competing reactions of (p, n) and (p,2n). It is concluded that 123I production is more suitable for small and mediumi-sized cyclotrons.

References

  • International Atomic Energy Agency ‘Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Physicsal Characteristics and Production Methods’; Technical Reports Series No. 468; 2009 VIENNA.
  • Ronald Finn and David Schlyer, PRODUCTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE l’CLASSICAIJ’ PET NUCI.IDES, Department of Radiology, MenloriaI Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York and *Departnlent of Chemistry, J3rookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L. I., New York
  • Koning A. J., Hilaire S., Duijvestijin., 2007. Proceedings of The International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, (Eds.:Bersillon O., Gunsing F., Bauge E., Jacqmin R., Leray S.) EDP Sciences, Nice, pp. 211-214.
  • https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm (15 April 2014).
  • B Scholten, Z Kovács, F Tárkányi, S.M Qaim ‘Excitation functions of 124Te(p, xn)124, 123I reactions from 6 to 31 MeV with special reference to the production of 124I at a small cyclotron’ Applied Radiation and isotopes, Volume 46, Issue 4, April 1995, Pages 255–259.
  • K. Kondo, R.M. Lambrecht, A.P. Wolf odine-123 production for radiopharmaceuticals—XX ☆: Excitation functions of the 124Te(p, 2n)123I and 124Te(p, n)124I reactions and the effect of target enrichment on radionuclidic purity The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 395–401
  • Mahmoud L. Firouzbakht, David J. Schlyer, Ronald D. Finn, Guiseppe Laguzzi, Alfred P. Wolf ‘Iodine-124 production: excitation function for the 124Te(d,2n)124I and 124Te(d,3n)123I reactions from 7 to 24 MeV’ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 79, Issue 1-4, June 1993, Pages 909–910.
  • S. Goriely, Phys. Lett. B436, 10 (1998).
  • Mahmoud L. Firouzbakht, David J. Schlyer, Ronald D. Finn, Guiseppe Laguzzi, Alfred P. Wolf ‘Iodine-124 production: excitation function for the 124Te(d,2n)124I and 124Te(d,3n)123I reactions from 7 to 24 MeV’ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms’ Volume 79, Issue 1-4, June 1993, pp. 909–910.
  • Th Bastian, H.H Coenen, S.M Qaim ‘Excitation functions of 124Te(d,xn)124,125I reactions from threshold up to 14 MeV: comparative evaluation of nuclear routes for the production of 124I’ Applied Radiation and isotopes, Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2001, pp. 303–308.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Rıdvan Ünal 0000-0001-6842-7471

Ufuk Akçaalan 0000-0001-6777-8181

Publication Date April 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Ünal, R., & Akçaalan, U. (2020). The Reaction Cross Sections for 124,125Te(p,xn)123,124I and 123,124Te(d,xn)123,124I. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(18), 958-963. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.717826