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Akıllı Ulaşımda İletişimin Geliştirilmesi için Blockchain Teknolojisinin Benimsenmesi

Year 2021, Issue: 21, 473 - 485, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.823102

Abstract

Günümüzde IoT (Nesnelerin İnterneti) devrimi ve V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) paradigması, özellikle ulaşım ve otomotiv endüstrisi olmak üzere, çeşitli endüstriyel alanlar üzerinde işbirliği içinde derin bir etki yaratmaktadır. Verimli ve katma değerli iş modelleri, ulaştırma hizmetlerinde devrim yaratmak ve insan müdahalesine ihtiyaç duymadan otonom ulaşım sistemleri kurmak için büyük ilgi görmektedir. Diğer yandan; şu anda ulaşım ekosistemi paydaşları hareketlilik ve heterojenlik bağlamında veri bütünlüğü, inkar etmeme ve güven gibi bazı sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Veri manipülasyonu, eksik bilgiler ve tutarsızlıklar ciddi sorunlara örnektir. Bu çalışma, akıllı ulaşımda Blockchain teknolojisinin potansiyelini keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, akıllı ulaşım ekosistemleri için olası sorunlara çözümler sağlayacak ve aynı zamanda Blockchain teknolojisini kullanarak veri bütünlüğü, inkar etmeme ve güven sağlayacak bir iletişim modeli sunulmaktadır. Önerilen akıllı sözleşme tabanlı veri alışverişi modeli, birbirine güvenmeyen kullanıcıların, güvenilir bir üçüncü tarafa ihtiyaç duymadan daha fazla yenilikçi hizmetler sağlayabilecek, değişmez ve şeffaf veriler üzerinde pazarlık yapmasına olanak tanır. Modelin -teknolojinin uygunluğu, teknik özellikleri, teknolojinin benimsenmesi ve yayılması yönlerinde- değerlendirilmesi, önerilen modelin yüksek heterojenliğe ve hareketliliğe sahip diğer çeşitli akıllı ortamlar için uygun olduğunu göstermektedir; V2X ve akıllı ulaşım ekosistemlerinin gelişimini destekleyecek potansiyele sahiptir.

References

  • Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, 17(4), 2347-2376.
  • Alsadi, M., Gülseçen, S., Kara, S. Köse, B. Ö., & Coşkun, V. (2019a). A Blockchain Based Data Management Model. Journal of Information Systems and Management Research, 1(1), 31-36.
  • Alsadi, M., Yildirim, S., Gülseçen, S., Köse, B. Ö., & Coşkun, V. (2019b, October). Akıllı Araç Ekosistemlerinde Blockchain Tabanlı Güvenli Veri Yönetim Modeli. In 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Ashton, K. (2009). That ‘internet of things’ thing. RFID journal, 22(7), 97-114.
  • Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer networks, 54(15), 2787-2805.
  • Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55-81.
  • Chen, S., Hu, J., Shi, Y., Peng, Y., Fang, J., Zhao, R., & Zhao, L. (2017). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services supported by LTE-based systems and 5G. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 1(2), 70-76.
  • Cheung, W., Chang, M. K., & Lai, V. S. (2000). Prediction of Internet and World Wide Web usage at work: a test of an extended Triandis model. Decision support systems, 30(1), 83-100.
  • Davis, F. D. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • Elkhodr, M., Shahrestani, S., & Cheung, H. (2016). The internet of things: new interoperability, management and security challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.04824.
  • Fernández-Caramés, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018). A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 6, 32979-33001.
  • Gemalto (2020). Retrieved from https://www.gemalto.com/automotive/connect-cars
  • GSMA (2020). Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/iot/automotive/
  • Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
  • Hameed, S., Khan, F. I., & Hameed, B. (2019). Understanding security requirements and challenges in Internet of Things (IoT): A review. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 2019.
  • Hammi, M. T., Hammi, B., Bellot, P., & Serhrouchni, A. (2018). Bubbles of Trust: A decentralized blockchain-based authentication system for IoT. Computers & Security, 78, 126-142.
  • Jabbar, S., Ullah, F., Khalid, S., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2017). Semantic interoperability in heterogeneous IoT infrastructure for healthcare. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2017.
  • Clark, J. (2016). What is Internet of Things?, https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/
  • Kamble, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Arha, H. (2019). Understanding the Blockchain technology adoption in supply chains-Indian context. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2009-2033.
  • Kshetri, N. (2017). Can blockchain strengthen the internet of things?. IT professional, 19(4), 68-72.
  • Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431-440.
  • Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. (2017). Security and privacy challenges in the internet of things [security and privacy matters]. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(3), 134-136.
  • Lei, A., Cruickshank, H., Cao, Y., Asuquo, P., Ogah, C. P. A., & Sun, Z. (2017). Blockchain-based dynamic key management for heterogeneous intelligent transportation systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(6), 1832-1843.
  • Leiding, B., Memarmoshrefi, P., & Hogrefe, D. (2016). Self-managed and blockchain-based vehicular ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (pp. 137-140).
  • Li, S., Da Xu, L., & Zhao, S. (2015). The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 243-259.
  • Li, Z., Xiao, Z., Xu, Q., Sotthiwat, E., Goh, R. S. M., & Liang, X. (2018). Blockchain and IoT Data Analytics for Fine-Grained Transportation Insurance. In 2018 IEEE 24th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) (pp. 1022-1027). IEEE.
  • Macrinici, D., Cartofeanu, C., & Gao, S. (2018). Smart contract applications within blockchain technology: A systematic mapping study. Telematics and Informatics, 35(8), 2337-2354.
  • Mulligan, C., Scott, J. Z., Warren, S., & Rangaswami, J. P. (2018, April). Blockchain beyond the hype: A practical framework for business leaders. In World Economic Forum, White Paper.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
  • Nguyen, D. C., Pathirana, P. N., Ding, M., & Seneviratne, A. (2019). Blockchain for secure EHRs sharing of mobile cloud based e-Health systems. IEEE access, 7, 66792-66806.
  • Nuss, M., Puchta, A., & Kunz, M. (2018). Towards blockchain-based identity and access management for internet of things in enterprises. In International Conference on Trust and Privacy in Digital Business (pp. 167-181). Springer, Cham.
  • Ouaddah, A., Abou Elkalam, A., & Ait Ouahman, A. (2016). FairAccess: a new Blockchain‐based access control framework for the Internet of Things. Security and Communication Networks, 9(18), 5943-5964.
  • Panarello, A., Tapas, N., Merlino, G., Longo, F., & Puliafito, A. (2018). Blockchain and IoT integration: A systematic survey. Sensors, 18(8), 2575.
  • Pinno, O. J. A., Gregio, A. R. A., & De Bona, L. C. (2017). Controlchain: Blockchain as a central enabler for access control authorizations in the iot. In GLOBECOM 2017-2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster.
  • Shafagh, H., Burkhalter, L., Hithnawi, A., & Duquennoy, S. (2017). Towards blockchain-based auditable storage and sharing of iot data. In Proceedings of the 2017 on Cloud Computing Security Workshop (pp. 45-50).
  • Shin, D. D. (2019). Blockchain: The emerging technology of digital trust. Telematics and Informatics, 45, 101278.
  • Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Internet of things: A comprehensive review of enabling technologies, architecture, and challenges. IETE Technical review, 35(2), 205-220.
  • SIM Alliance (2017). eUICC for: Connected cars. https://simalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/eUICC-for-Connected-cars_FINAL.pdf
  • Singh, D., Tripathi, G., & Jara, A. J. (2014). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. In 2014 IEEE world forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 287-292). IEEE.
  • Singh, M., & Kim, S. (2017). Blockchain based intelligent vehicle data sharing framework. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.09721.
  • Turkcell (2020). https://www.turkcell.com.tr/servisler/kopilot
  • Wang, X., Zha, X., Ni, W., Liu, R. P., Guo, Y. J., Niu, X., & Zheng, K. (2019). Survey on blockchain for Internet of Things. Computer Communications, 136, 10-29.
  • Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., & Da Xu, L. (2015). The Internet of Things—A survey of topics and trends. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 261-274.
  • Yoo, K., Bae, K., Park, E., & Yang, T. (2019). Understanding the diffusion and adoption of Bitcoin transaction services: The integrated approach. Telematics and Informatics, 101302.
  • Yuan, Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2016). Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems. In 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) (pp. 2663-2668). IEEE.
  • Zhang, Z. K., Cho, M. C. Y., Wang, C. W., Hsu, C. W., Chen, C. K., & Shieh, S. (2014). IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In 2014 IEEE 7th international conference on service-oriented computing and applications (pp. 230-234). IEEE.
  • Zhang, Z. K., Cho, M. C. Y., Wang, C. W., Hsu, C. W., Chen, C. K., & Shieh, S. (2014). IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In 2014 IEEE 7th international conference on service-oriented computing and applications (pp. 230-234). IEEE.
  • Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375.
  • Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. In 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress) (pp. 557-564). IEEE.

Towards Adoption of Blockchain Technology for Enhancing Communication in Smart Transportation

Year 2021, Issue: 21, 473 - 485, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.823102

Abstract

Today, IoT (Internet of Things) revolution and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) paradigm are collaboratively making a deep impact on a wide range of industrial areas, especially on transportation and automotive industry. Efficient and value added business models are highly appreciated to revolutionize transportation services and environments over the world; and to establish autonomous transport systems without the need of minimum possible human intervention. On the other hand; currently transportation ecosystem stakeholders are facing some problems including data integrity, non-repudiation, and trust. Data manipulation, missing information, and inconsistencies are examples of serious problems in the context of automated mobility and heterogeneity. This study aims to explore the potential of Blockchain technology in smart transportation. In this context, a communication model is presented for smart transportation ecosystems that provides solutions to problems, and also ensures data integrity, non-repudiation and trust by utilizing Blockchain technology. The proposed smart contract based model allows trustless users to negotiate on immutable and transparent data without the need for a trusted third party which can provide further innovative services. The proposed model is evaluated in aspects of appropriateness of technology, technical features, and adoption and diffusion of technology. Taking all this into account, it is possible to point out that the proposed model, not only have the potential of supporting development of V2X and smart transportation ecosystems, but also is feasible to other various smart environments having high heterogeneity and mobility.

References

  • Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, 17(4), 2347-2376.
  • Alsadi, M., Gülseçen, S., Kara, S. Köse, B. Ö., & Coşkun, V. (2019a). A Blockchain Based Data Management Model. Journal of Information Systems and Management Research, 1(1), 31-36.
  • Alsadi, M., Yildirim, S., Gülseçen, S., Köse, B. Ö., & Coşkun, V. (2019b, October). Akıllı Araç Ekosistemlerinde Blockchain Tabanlı Güvenli Veri Yönetim Modeli. In 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Ashton, K. (2009). That ‘internet of things’ thing. RFID journal, 22(7), 97-114.
  • Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer networks, 54(15), 2787-2805.
  • Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55-81.
  • Chen, S., Hu, J., Shi, Y., Peng, Y., Fang, J., Zhao, R., & Zhao, L. (2017). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services supported by LTE-based systems and 5G. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 1(2), 70-76.
  • Cheung, W., Chang, M. K., & Lai, V. S. (2000). Prediction of Internet and World Wide Web usage at work: a test of an extended Triandis model. Decision support systems, 30(1), 83-100.
  • Davis, F. D. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • Elkhodr, M., Shahrestani, S., & Cheung, H. (2016). The internet of things: new interoperability, management and security challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.04824.
  • Fernández-Caramés, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018). A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 6, 32979-33001.
  • Gemalto (2020). Retrieved from https://www.gemalto.com/automotive/connect-cars
  • GSMA (2020). Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/iot/automotive/
  • Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
  • Hameed, S., Khan, F. I., & Hameed, B. (2019). Understanding security requirements and challenges in Internet of Things (IoT): A review. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 2019.
  • Hammi, M. T., Hammi, B., Bellot, P., & Serhrouchni, A. (2018). Bubbles of Trust: A decentralized blockchain-based authentication system for IoT. Computers & Security, 78, 126-142.
  • Jabbar, S., Ullah, F., Khalid, S., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2017). Semantic interoperability in heterogeneous IoT infrastructure for healthcare. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2017.
  • Clark, J. (2016). What is Internet of Things?, https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/
  • Kamble, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Arha, H. (2019). Understanding the Blockchain technology adoption in supply chains-Indian context. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2009-2033.
  • Kshetri, N. (2017). Can blockchain strengthen the internet of things?. IT professional, 19(4), 68-72.
  • Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431-440.
  • Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. (2017). Security and privacy challenges in the internet of things [security and privacy matters]. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(3), 134-136.
  • Lei, A., Cruickshank, H., Cao, Y., Asuquo, P., Ogah, C. P. A., & Sun, Z. (2017). Blockchain-based dynamic key management for heterogeneous intelligent transportation systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(6), 1832-1843.
  • Leiding, B., Memarmoshrefi, P., & Hogrefe, D. (2016). Self-managed and blockchain-based vehicular ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (pp. 137-140).
  • Li, S., Da Xu, L., & Zhao, S. (2015). The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 243-259.
  • Li, Z., Xiao, Z., Xu, Q., Sotthiwat, E., Goh, R. S. M., & Liang, X. (2018). Blockchain and IoT Data Analytics for Fine-Grained Transportation Insurance. In 2018 IEEE 24th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) (pp. 1022-1027). IEEE.
  • Macrinici, D., Cartofeanu, C., & Gao, S. (2018). Smart contract applications within blockchain technology: A systematic mapping study. Telematics and Informatics, 35(8), 2337-2354.
  • Mulligan, C., Scott, J. Z., Warren, S., & Rangaswami, J. P. (2018, April). Blockchain beyond the hype: A practical framework for business leaders. In World Economic Forum, White Paper.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
  • Nguyen, D. C., Pathirana, P. N., Ding, M., & Seneviratne, A. (2019). Blockchain for secure EHRs sharing of mobile cloud based e-Health systems. IEEE access, 7, 66792-66806.
  • Nuss, M., Puchta, A., & Kunz, M. (2018). Towards blockchain-based identity and access management for internet of things in enterprises. In International Conference on Trust and Privacy in Digital Business (pp. 167-181). Springer, Cham.
  • Ouaddah, A., Abou Elkalam, A., & Ait Ouahman, A. (2016). FairAccess: a new Blockchain‐based access control framework for the Internet of Things. Security and Communication Networks, 9(18), 5943-5964.
  • Panarello, A., Tapas, N., Merlino, G., Longo, F., & Puliafito, A. (2018). Blockchain and IoT integration: A systematic survey. Sensors, 18(8), 2575.
  • Pinno, O. J. A., Gregio, A. R. A., & De Bona, L. C. (2017). Controlchain: Blockchain as a central enabler for access control authorizations in the iot. In GLOBECOM 2017-2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster.
  • Shafagh, H., Burkhalter, L., Hithnawi, A., & Duquennoy, S. (2017). Towards blockchain-based auditable storage and sharing of iot data. In Proceedings of the 2017 on Cloud Computing Security Workshop (pp. 45-50).
  • Shin, D. D. (2019). Blockchain: The emerging technology of digital trust. Telematics and Informatics, 45, 101278.
  • Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Internet of things: A comprehensive review of enabling technologies, architecture, and challenges. IETE Technical review, 35(2), 205-220.
  • SIM Alliance (2017). eUICC for: Connected cars. https://simalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/eUICC-for-Connected-cars_FINAL.pdf
  • Singh, D., Tripathi, G., & Jara, A. J. (2014). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. In 2014 IEEE world forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 287-292). IEEE.
  • Singh, M., & Kim, S. (2017). Blockchain based intelligent vehicle data sharing framework. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.09721.
  • Turkcell (2020). https://www.turkcell.com.tr/servisler/kopilot
  • Wang, X., Zha, X., Ni, W., Liu, R. P., Guo, Y. J., Niu, X., & Zheng, K. (2019). Survey on blockchain for Internet of Things. Computer Communications, 136, 10-29.
  • Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., & Da Xu, L. (2015). The Internet of Things—A survey of topics and trends. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 261-274.
  • Yoo, K., Bae, K., Park, E., & Yang, T. (2019). Understanding the diffusion and adoption of Bitcoin transaction services: The integrated approach. Telematics and Informatics, 101302.
  • Yuan, Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2016). Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems. In 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) (pp. 2663-2668). IEEE.
  • Zhang, Z. K., Cho, M. C. Y., Wang, C. W., Hsu, C. W., Chen, C. K., & Shieh, S. (2014). IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In 2014 IEEE 7th international conference on service-oriented computing and applications (pp. 230-234). IEEE.
  • Zhang, Z. K., Cho, M. C. Y., Wang, C. W., Hsu, C. W., Chen, C. K., & Shieh, S. (2014). IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In 2014 IEEE 7th international conference on service-oriented computing and applications (pp. 230-234). IEEE.
  • Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375.
  • Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. In 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress) (pp. 557-564). IEEE.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Büşra Özdenizci Köse 0000-0002-8414-5252

Publication Date January 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Özdenizci Köse, B. (2021). Towards Adoption of Blockchain Technology for Enhancing Communication in Smart Transportation. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(21), 473-485. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.823102