We present here the optical observations of a merging galaxy cluster (z=0.178) Abell 2254 (A2254) observed by the TÜBİTAK- RTT150 Telescope in Antalya, Turkey. Its integrated CCD imaging results are reported. B, V, and R brightness values are revealed for each member of the cluster, for the first time. We present the Color Magnitude Diagram of A2254 for all galaxies. We found that the number of red galaxies is more than blue galaxies. We have obtained the galaxy luminosity function (GLF) using the B band data. Here, we aim to analyze the effects of major cluster mergers on galaxy properties for better understanding. We have seen that the GLF of Abell 2254 can be fitted with a single Schechter function in the B band. The best-fitting parameters of the Schechter function are the characteristic absolute magnitude in the B band M_B^*=〖19,67〗_(-0,96)^(+0,84) mag, and the slope at the faint end of the GLF α=〖-1,29〗_(-0,34)^(+0,23) for galaxies.
We thank TUBİTAK-TUG for their support in using RTT150 (Russian-Turkish Telescope) for our observations performed through Project number 15BRTT150-869.
References
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Adami, C., Durret, F., Mazure, A., Pello, R., Picat, J. P., West, M., and Meneux, B., (2007) Spatial variations of the optical galaxy luminosity functions and red sequences in the Coma cluster: clues to its assembly history, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 462, 411-427, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065848
Andreon, S., (2001), Deep Near‐Infrared Luminosity Function of a Cluster of Galaxies atz = 0.3, The Astrophysical Journal, 547, 623–634, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/318381
Barkhouse W. A., Yee H. K. C., L´opez-Cruz O., (2007), The Red-Sequence Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters since z ~ 1, The Astrophysical Journal, 671, 1471.
https://doi.org/10.1086/524398
Baum, S. A. (1959) Population Inferences from Star Counts, Surface Brightness and Colors, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 71, 106-117, https://doi.org/10.1086/127346
Bertin E., and Arnouts, S, (1996) SExtractor: Software for source extraction, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, 117, 393-404, https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164
Blanton, E. L, Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2001) Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Chandra Observation of the S0 Galaxy NGC 1553. Astrophysical Journal, 552, 1, 106-119. https://doi.org/10.1086/320461
Boué, G., Adami, C., Durret, F., Mamon, G. A. , Cayatte, V., (2008) The galaxy luminosity function of the Abell 496 cluster and its spatial variations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 479, 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077723
Caglar, T. & Hudaverdi, M. (2017), XMM–Newton view of X-ray overdensities from nearby galaxy clusters: the environmental dependencies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471, 4990–5007, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1811
Canizares C. R., Fabbiano G., and Trinchieri G. (1987) Properties of the X-Ray Emitting Gas in Early-Type Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal,312. 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1086/164896
Crawford, C. S., Edge, A. C., Fabian, A. C., Allen, S. W., Bohringer, H., Ebeling, H., McMahon, R. G., and Voges, W. (1995) Optical spectroscopy of the ROSAT X-ray brightest clusters – II, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 274, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/274.1.75
De Propris, R., Colless, M., Driver, S. P., et al. (2003), The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the luminosity function of cluster galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 342, 3, 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06510.x
Drory, N., Bender, R., Feulner, G., Hopp, U., Maraston, C., Snigula, J., and Hill, G. J. (2003) The Munich Near‐Infrared Cluster Survey. II. TheK‐Band Luminosity Function of Field Galaxies toz∼ 1.2, The Astrophysical Journal, 595, 698–711, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377497
Durret, F., Adami, C., Cappi,A., et al. (2011), Galaxy cluster searches based on photometric redshifts in the four CFHTLS Wide fields, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 535, 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116985
Ebeling, H., Voges, W., Bohringer, H., Edge, A.C., Huchra J. P. and Briel U. G (1996) Properties of the X-ray-brightest Abell-type clusters of galaxies (XBACs) from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data - I. The sample., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 281, 799-829. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/281.3.799
Ellis S. C., and O'Sullivan E. (2006) Correlations of near-infrared, optical and X-ray luminosity for early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 367, 627–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09982.x
Faber S. M., (1973), Variations in Spectral-Energy Distributions and Absorption-Line Strengths among Elliptical Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal, 179, 731-754, https://doi.org/10.1086/151912
Fabian, A.C. (1988) Theory of Intracluster Gas Hot Thin Plasmas in Astrophysics. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Cargese, Corsica, September 8-18, 1987, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988, edited by R. Pallavicini. NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Series C, 249, p.293.
Feng, L., Peng-fei, Y., and Qi-rong Y., (2014) Luminosity Function of The Galaxy Cluster Abell 85, Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 38, Issue 3, p. 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2014.07.003
Gallazzi, A., Charlot, S., Brinchmann J., and White, S. D. M., (2006), Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-σV relations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 370, 1106-1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10548.x
Gilfanov M. (2004) Low-mass X-ray binaries as a stellar-mass indicator for the host galaxy, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,349.146–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07473.x
Girardi M., Bardelli S., Barrena R., Boschin W., Gastaldello F., and Nonino M., (2011) Internal dynamics of Abell 2254: a merging galaxy cluster with a clumpy, diffuse radio emission. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 536, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117332
Girardi M. Barrena R. and Boschin W (2012) Merging clusters of the DARC sample: studying the formation of galaxy clusters. in “Growing-up at High Redshift: From Proto-clusters to Galaxy Clusters”. Posters from the Conference held in Sept (2012) Madrid-Spain. http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=CONF2011&page=CLUSTERS2012
Kodama T., and Arimoto N., (1997), Origin of the colour-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 320, 41-53
Kodama T., Bower R. G., and Bell E. F.,(1999), The colour±magnitude relation of early-type galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 306, 561-566, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02542.x
Lehmer, B. D., Brandt, W. N., Alexander, D. M., Bell, E. F., Mc Intosh D. H., Bauer, F. E., Hasinger, G., Mainieri V., Miyaji, T., Schneider, D. P. and Steffen, A. T. (2007) The X-Ray Evolution of Early–Type Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field–South. The Astrophysical Journal, 657, 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1086/511297
Mahdavi A. and Geller M. J. (2001) The LX-σ Relation for Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 554. 129–132.https://doi.org/10.1086/321710
Massarotti, M. Busarello, G., La Barbera, F., Merluzzi, P., (2003), UV-NIR restframe luminosity functions of the galaxy cluster EIS 0048 at z ~0.64, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 404, 75-81, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030473
Monet, D., et al. (1998) VizieR Online Data Catalog: A catalogue of astrometric standards. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues, 1252, 0
O’Sullivan E., Forbes D. A., and Ponman T. J. (2001) A catalogue and analysis of X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 328, 461–484. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04890.x
Press W. H., and Schechter P.,(1974) Formation of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies by Self-Similar Gravitational Condensation Show affiliations,
Astrophysical Journal, 187, 425-435, https://doi.org/10.1086/152650
Randall, S. W., Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2006) XMM-Newton Observation of Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4649 (M60). Astrophysical Journal, 636, 1, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1086/497977
Sarazin, C.L. (1986) X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies. Reviews of Modern Physics. 58, 1-116 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.58.1
Sarazin, C.L. (1988) X-Ray Emissions from Clusters of Galaxies. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 252 pp.
Sarazin, C.L. (1992) The Intracluster Medium ed. A. C. Fabian (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2482-9
Schechter P.,(1976) An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies., Astrophysical Journal, 203, 297-306 https://doi.org/10.1086/154079
Schindler, S., and Müller, E. (1993) Simulations of the evolution of galaxy clusters. II. Dynamics of the intra-cluster gas. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 272, 137-152
Smith, R. K. Brickhouse, N. S., Liedahl, D. A. and Raymond, J. C. (2001) Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: emission-line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions, The Astrophysical Journal, 556, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1086/322992
Struble, M. F., and Rood, H. J. (1987), A Compilation of Redshifts and Velocity Dispersions for Abell Clusters, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 63, 543-553, https://doi.org/10.1086/191173
Worthey G., (1994), Comprehensive Stellar Population Models and the Disentanglement of Age and Metallicity Effects, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 95, 107 -149 https://doi.org/10.1086/192096
Bu çalışmada, Antalya, Türkiye'de TÜBİTAK-RTT150 Teleskopu tarafından gözlemlenen birleşen gökada kümesinin (z=0.178) Abell 2254 (A2254) optik gözlemlerini sunuyoruz. Birleştirilmiş CCD görüntü sonuçları rapor edilmiştir. İlk kez kümenin her bir üyesi için B, V ve R parlaklık değerlerini belirledik. Kümeye ait tüm galaksiler için Renk Parlaklık Şemasını sunuyoruz. Kırmızı galaksilerin sayısının mavi galaksilerden daha fazla olduğu sonucunu bulduk. B band verilerini kullanarak gökada parlaklık fonksiyonunu (GLF) elde ettik. Burada amacımız büyük küme birleşmesinin galaksi özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini daha iyi anlamak için analiz etmektir. Abell 2254'ün GLF'sinin B bandında bir Schechter fonksiyonu ile uyduğu görüldü. Schechter fonksiyonunun en uygun parametreleri, B bandındaki karakteristik mutlak büyüklük M_B^*=〖19,67〗_(-0,96)^(+0,84) mag ve sönük uçtaki eğim α=〖-1,29〗_(-0,34)^(+0,23) bulunmuştur.
Abell G. O., Corwin R. P., and Olowin, R. P. (1989) A Catalog of Rich Clusters of Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement,70, 1–138. https://doi.org/10.1086/191333
Adami, C., Durret, F., Mazure, A., Pello, R., Picat, J. P., West, M., and Meneux, B., (2007) Spatial variations of the optical galaxy luminosity functions and red sequences in the Coma cluster: clues to its assembly history, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 462, 411-427, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065848
Andreon, S., (2001), Deep Near‐Infrared Luminosity Function of a Cluster of Galaxies atz = 0.3, The Astrophysical Journal, 547, 623–634, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/318381
Barkhouse W. A., Yee H. K. C., L´opez-Cruz O., (2007), The Red-Sequence Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters since z ~ 1, The Astrophysical Journal, 671, 1471.
https://doi.org/10.1086/524398
Baum, S. A. (1959) Population Inferences from Star Counts, Surface Brightness and Colors, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 71, 106-117, https://doi.org/10.1086/127346
Bertin E., and Arnouts, S, (1996) SExtractor: Software for source extraction, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, 117, 393-404, https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164
Blanton, E. L, Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2001) Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Chandra Observation of the S0 Galaxy NGC 1553. Astrophysical Journal, 552, 1, 106-119. https://doi.org/10.1086/320461
Boué, G., Adami, C., Durret, F., Mamon, G. A. , Cayatte, V., (2008) The galaxy luminosity function of the Abell 496 cluster and its spatial variations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 479, 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077723
Caglar, T. & Hudaverdi, M. (2017), XMM–Newton view of X-ray overdensities from nearby galaxy clusters: the environmental dependencies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471, 4990–5007, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1811
Canizares C. R., Fabbiano G., and Trinchieri G. (1987) Properties of the X-Ray Emitting Gas in Early-Type Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal,312. 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1086/164896
Crawford, C. S., Edge, A. C., Fabian, A. C., Allen, S. W., Bohringer, H., Ebeling, H., McMahon, R. G., and Voges, W. (1995) Optical spectroscopy of the ROSAT X-ray brightest clusters – II, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 274, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/274.1.75
De Propris, R., Colless, M., Driver, S. P., et al. (2003), The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the luminosity function of cluster galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 342, 3, 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06510.x
Drory, N., Bender, R., Feulner, G., Hopp, U., Maraston, C., Snigula, J., and Hill, G. J. (2003) The Munich Near‐Infrared Cluster Survey. II. TheK‐Band Luminosity Function of Field Galaxies toz∼ 1.2, The Astrophysical Journal, 595, 698–711, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377497
Durret, F., Adami, C., Cappi,A., et al. (2011), Galaxy cluster searches based on photometric redshifts in the four CFHTLS Wide fields, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 535, 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116985
Ebeling, H., Voges, W., Bohringer, H., Edge, A.C., Huchra J. P. and Briel U. G (1996) Properties of the X-ray-brightest Abell-type clusters of galaxies (XBACs) from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data - I. The sample., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 281, 799-829. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/281.3.799
Ellis S. C., and O'Sullivan E. (2006) Correlations of near-infrared, optical and X-ray luminosity for early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 367, 627–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09982.x
Faber S. M., (1973), Variations in Spectral-Energy Distributions and Absorption-Line Strengths among Elliptical Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal, 179, 731-754, https://doi.org/10.1086/151912
Fabian, A.C. (1988) Theory of Intracluster Gas Hot Thin Plasmas in Astrophysics. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Cargese, Corsica, September 8-18, 1987, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988, edited by R. Pallavicini. NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Series C, 249, p.293.
Feng, L., Peng-fei, Y., and Qi-rong Y., (2014) Luminosity Function of The Galaxy Cluster Abell 85, Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 38, Issue 3, p. 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2014.07.003
Gallazzi, A., Charlot, S., Brinchmann J., and White, S. D. M., (2006), Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-σV relations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 370, 1106-1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10548.x
Gilfanov M. (2004) Low-mass X-ray binaries as a stellar-mass indicator for the host galaxy, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,349.146–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07473.x
Girardi M., Bardelli S., Barrena R., Boschin W., Gastaldello F., and Nonino M., (2011) Internal dynamics of Abell 2254: a merging galaxy cluster with a clumpy, diffuse radio emission. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 536, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117332
Girardi M. Barrena R. and Boschin W (2012) Merging clusters of the DARC sample: studying the formation of galaxy clusters. in “Growing-up at High Redshift: From Proto-clusters to Galaxy Clusters”. Posters from the Conference held in Sept (2012) Madrid-Spain. http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=CONF2011&page=CLUSTERS2012
Kodama T., and Arimoto N., (1997), Origin of the colour-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 320, 41-53
Kodama T., Bower R. G., and Bell E. F.,(1999), The colour±magnitude relation of early-type galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 306, 561-566, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02542.x
Lehmer, B. D., Brandt, W. N., Alexander, D. M., Bell, E. F., Mc Intosh D. H., Bauer, F. E., Hasinger, G., Mainieri V., Miyaji, T., Schneider, D. P. and Steffen, A. T. (2007) The X-Ray Evolution of Early–Type Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field–South. The Astrophysical Journal, 657, 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1086/511297
Mahdavi A. and Geller M. J. (2001) The LX-σ Relation for Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 554. 129–132.https://doi.org/10.1086/321710
Massarotti, M. Busarello, G., La Barbera, F., Merluzzi, P., (2003), UV-NIR restframe luminosity functions of the galaxy cluster EIS 0048 at z ~0.64, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 404, 75-81, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030473
Monet, D., et al. (1998) VizieR Online Data Catalog: A catalogue of astrometric standards. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues, 1252, 0
O’Sullivan E., Forbes D. A., and Ponman T. J. (2001) A catalogue and analysis of X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 328, 461–484. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04890.x
Press W. H., and Schechter P.,(1974) Formation of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies by Self-Similar Gravitational Condensation Show affiliations,
Astrophysical Journal, 187, 425-435, https://doi.org/10.1086/152650
Randall, S. W., Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2006) XMM-Newton Observation of Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4649 (M60). Astrophysical Journal, 636, 1, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1086/497977
Sarazin, C.L. (1986) X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies. Reviews of Modern Physics. 58, 1-116 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.58.1
Sarazin, C.L. (1988) X-Ray Emissions from Clusters of Galaxies. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 252 pp.
Sarazin, C.L. (1992) The Intracluster Medium ed. A. C. Fabian (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2482-9
Schechter P.,(1976) An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies., Astrophysical Journal, 203, 297-306 https://doi.org/10.1086/154079
Schindler, S., and Müller, E. (1993) Simulations of the evolution of galaxy clusters. II. Dynamics of the intra-cluster gas. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 272, 137-152
Smith, R. K. Brickhouse, N. S., Liedahl, D. A. and Raymond, J. C. (2001) Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: emission-line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions, The Astrophysical Journal, 556, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1086/322992
Struble, M. F., and Rood, H. J. (1987), A Compilation of Redshifts and Velocity Dispersions for Abell Clusters, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 63, 543-553, https://doi.org/10.1086/191173
Worthey G., (1994), Comprehensive Stellar Population Models and the Disentanglement of Age and Metallicity Effects, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 95, 107 -149 https://doi.org/10.1086/192096
Aktekin Çalışkan, E. (2021). Optical View of a Merging Galaxy Cluster: Abell 2254. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(31), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1003968