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Determination of Environmental Impacts Of Commercial Flights During the Landing and Take-off Cycle

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 691 - 698, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1008832

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions caused by commercial flights and the global warming potential of these emissions. Environmental effects were calculated for the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles of aircraft and their effects on global warming potential were determined. The environmental impacts of 22 different models of aircraft in the LTO cycle and their impact on global warming potential were calculated. Fuel consumption, HC and CO emissions reached the highest value in the taxi phase. It was determined that NOx emissions reached the highest value in the climb-out phase. It is concluded that HC and CO emissions can be reduced approximately 7% by shortening the taxi time by 2 minutes. It has been calculated that the effect of the climb-out phase on the global warming potential in the LTO cycle is the highest with 40%.

Thanks

The author thanks the General Directorate of State Airports Authority for valuable contributions. The author would like to thank the support of the TAV Airports Holding Corporations.

References

  • Atasoy, V.E., Suzer, A.E. and Ekici, S. (2021), "Environmental impact of pollutants from commercial aircrafts at Hasan Polatkan airport", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 93 No. 3, pp. 417-428
  • Norton T.M. 2014. Aircraft Greenhouse Gas Emissions during the Landing and Takeoff Cycle at Bay Area Airports. Master’s dissertation, University of San Francisco, San Fransisco, 1-45.
  • Kurniawan, J. S., & Khardi, S. (2011). Comparison of methodologies estimating emissions of aircraft pollutants, environmental impact assessment around airports. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 31(3), 240-252.
  • Altuntas, O. (2014). Calculation of domestic flight-caused global warming potential from aircraft emissions in Turkish airports. International Journal of Global Warming, 6(4), 367-379.
  • IPCC, 2019. Global Warming of 1. 5°C.An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  • Deonandan, I., & Balakrishnan, H. (2010, September). Evaluation of strategies for reducing taxi-out emissions at airports. In 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference (p. 9370).
  • Stettler, M. E. J., Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2018). The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The Aeronautical Journal, 122(1258), 1967-1984.
  • Schürmann, G., Schäfer, K., Jahn, C., Hoffmann, H., Bauerfeind, M., Fleuti, E., & Rappenglück, B. (2007). The impact of NOx, CO and VOC emissions on the air quality of Zurich airport. Atmospheric Environment, 41(1), 103-118.
  • Tokuslu, A. (2020). Estimation of aircraft emissions at Georgian international airport. Energy, 206, 118219.
  • Orhan, I. (2021), "Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 93 No. 4, pp. 682-689
  • Ekici, S., & Sevinc, H. (2021). Understanding a commercial airline company: A case study on emissions and air quality costs. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1-16.
  • Kafali, H. and Altuntas, O. (2020), "The analysis of emission values from commercial flights at Dalaman international airport Turkey", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 92 No. 10, pp. 1451-1457
  • Ekici, S., Şöhret, Y., & Gürbüz, H. (2021). Influence of COVID-19 on air pollution caused by commercial flights in Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1-13.
  • Stettler, M. E. J., Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2018). The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The Aeronautical Journal, 122(1258), 1967-1984.
  • Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., Jones, R., & Stettler, M. E. (2017). Airport emissions reductions from reduced thrust takeoff operations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 15-28.
  • Bulzan, D., Anderson, B., Wey, C., Howard, R., Winstead, E., Beyersdorf, A., ... & Whitefield, P. (2010). Gaseous and particulate emissions results of the NASA alternative aviation fuel experiment (AAFEX). In Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air (Vol. 43970, pp. 1195-1207).
  • Speth, R. L., Rojo, C., Malina, R., & Barrett, S. R. (2015). Black carbon emissions reductions from combustion of alternative jet fuels. Atmospheric Environment, 105, 37-42.
  • Nojoumi, H., Dincer, I., & Naterer, G. F. (2009). Greenhouse gas emissions assessment of hydrogen and kerosene-fueled aircraft propulsion. International journal of hydrogen energy, 34(3), 1363-1369.
  • Stefanou, P., & Haralambopoulos, D. (1998). Energy demand and environmental pressures due to the operation of Olympic Airways in Greece. Energy, 23(2), 125-136.
  • Report 2016. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/documents/ICAO%20Environmental%20Report%202016.pdf (accessed 3 October 2021)
  • Şöhret, Y. (2019). Multi-objective evaluation of aviation-induced GHG emissions: UK domestic flight pattern. Energy & Environment, 30(6), 1049-1064.
  • Ekici, S., & Şöhret, Y. (2020). Isparta Süleyman Demirel Havalimanında Ticari Uçuşlar Kaynaklı Egzoz Emisyonlarının Çevresel Etkileri ve Maliyet Değerlendirmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(2), 597-604.
  • Report.2016. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/default/files/european-aviation-environmental-report-2016-72dpi.pdf (accessed 5 October 2021)

Ticari Uçuşların İniş ve Kalkış Döngüsü Sırasında Çevresel Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 691 - 698, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1008832

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı ticari uçuşların neden olduğu hidrokarbon (HC), karbonmonoksit (CO), karbondioksit (CO2), nitrojen oksit (NOx) emisyonlarının ve bu emisyonların küresel ısınma potansiyelinin belirlenmesidir. Çevresel etkiler hava araçlarının iniş ve kalkış döngüsü için hesaplanmış ve küresel ısınma potansiyeli üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. 22 farklı model hava aracının LTO döngüsündeki çevresel etkileri ve küresel ısınma potansiyeline etkisi hesaplanmıştır. Yakıt tüketimi, HC ve CO emisyonlarının taksi fazında en yüksek değere ulaştığı görülmüştür. NOx emisyonlarının ise tırmanma fazında en yüksek değere ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Taksi süresinin 2 dakika kısalması ile HC ve CO emisyonlarının yaklaşık %7 azaltılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. LTO döngüsünde tırmanma fazının küresel ısınma potansiyeli üzerine etkisi %40 ile en yüksektir.

References

  • Atasoy, V.E., Suzer, A.E. and Ekici, S. (2021), "Environmental impact of pollutants from commercial aircrafts at Hasan Polatkan airport", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 93 No. 3, pp. 417-428
  • Norton T.M. 2014. Aircraft Greenhouse Gas Emissions during the Landing and Takeoff Cycle at Bay Area Airports. Master’s dissertation, University of San Francisco, San Fransisco, 1-45.
  • Kurniawan, J. S., & Khardi, S. (2011). Comparison of methodologies estimating emissions of aircraft pollutants, environmental impact assessment around airports. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 31(3), 240-252.
  • Altuntas, O. (2014). Calculation of domestic flight-caused global warming potential from aircraft emissions in Turkish airports. International Journal of Global Warming, 6(4), 367-379.
  • IPCC, 2019. Global Warming of 1. 5°C.An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  • Deonandan, I., & Balakrishnan, H. (2010, September). Evaluation of strategies for reducing taxi-out emissions at airports. In 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference (p. 9370).
  • Stettler, M. E. J., Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2018). The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The Aeronautical Journal, 122(1258), 1967-1984.
  • Schürmann, G., Schäfer, K., Jahn, C., Hoffmann, H., Bauerfeind, M., Fleuti, E., & Rappenglück, B. (2007). The impact of NOx, CO and VOC emissions on the air quality of Zurich airport. Atmospheric Environment, 41(1), 103-118.
  • Tokuslu, A. (2020). Estimation of aircraft emissions at Georgian international airport. Energy, 206, 118219.
  • Orhan, I. (2021), "Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 93 No. 4, pp. 682-689
  • Ekici, S., & Sevinc, H. (2021). Understanding a commercial airline company: A case study on emissions and air quality costs. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1-16.
  • Kafali, H. and Altuntas, O. (2020), "The analysis of emission values from commercial flights at Dalaman international airport Turkey", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 92 No. 10, pp. 1451-1457
  • Ekici, S., Şöhret, Y., & Gürbüz, H. (2021). Influence of COVID-19 on air pollution caused by commercial flights in Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1-13.
  • Stettler, M. E. J., Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2018). The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The Aeronautical Journal, 122(1258), 1967-1984.
  • Koudis, G. S., Hu, S. J., Majumdar, A., Jones, R., & Stettler, M. E. (2017). Airport emissions reductions from reduced thrust takeoff operations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 15-28.
  • Bulzan, D., Anderson, B., Wey, C., Howard, R., Winstead, E., Beyersdorf, A., ... & Whitefield, P. (2010). Gaseous and particulate emissions results of the NASA alternative aviation fuel experiment (AAFEX). In Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air (Vol. 43970, pp. 1195-1207).
  • Speth, R. L., Rojo, C., Malina, R., & Barrett, S. R. (2015). Black carbon emissions reductions from combustion of alternative jet fuels. Atmospheric Environment, 105, 37-42.
  • Nojoumi, H., Dincer, I., & Naterer, G. F. (2009). Greenhouse gas emissions assessment of hydrogen and kerosene-fueled aircraft propulsion. International journal of hydrogen energy, 34(3), 1363-1369.
  • Stefanou, P., & Haralambopoulos, D. (1998). Energy demand and environmental pressures due to the operation of Olympic Airways in Greece. Energy, 23(2), 125-136.
  • Report 2016. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/documents/ICAO%20Environmental%20Report%202016.pdf (accessed 3 October 2021)
  • Şöhret, Y. (2019). Multi-objective evaluation of aviation-induced GHG emissions: UK domestic flight pattern. Energy & Environment, 30(6), 1049-1064.
  • Ekici, S., & Şöhret, Y. (2020). Isparta Süleyman Demirel Havalimanında Ticari Uçuşlar Kaynaklı Egzoz Emisyonlarının Çevresel Etkileri ve Maliyet Değerlendirmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(2), 597-604.
  • Report.2016. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/default/files/european-aviation-environmental-report-2016-72dpi.pdf (accessed 5 October 2021)
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Kadri Akyüz 0000-0003-0229-2943

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 31

Cite

APA Akyüz, M. K. (2021). Determination of Environmental Impacts Of Commercial Flights During the Landing and Take-off Cycle. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(31), 691-698. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1008832