Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Kırsala Olan Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri ve Sosyal Kabulü

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 223 - 231, 31.12.2021

İsmail Bülent Gürbüz Gülay Özkan Şeniz Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.958695

Abstract

Rüzgâr enerjisi insanların gözünde kayda değer bir desteğe sahip olmakla birlikte rüzgâr enerjisi santrallerinin (RES) aynı desteği gördüğünü söylemek mümkün değildir. Devlet ve girişimciler yenilenebilir enerji ile ilgili yatırımlarda bölgesel tepkiler ile karşılaşabilmektedirler. Bu araştırmada Aydın’ın Koçarlı ilçesinde bulunan Bağarası Rüzgâr Enerji Santrali’ne yönelik olarak yerel halkın düşüncelerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2019 yılında yüz yüze anket ve görüşmeler ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve verilen hesaplanmasında SPSS22 programından faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular yöre halkının RES’lerden kalan alanda tarım ve hayvancılığa devam edebildiklerini, RES’lerin gayrimenkul değerlerini etkilemediğini ancak RES’lerin bölgede kayda değer bir ekonomik hareketlenme yaratmadığını, özellikle bölgenin istihdam yaratma suretiyle işsizlik sorununa çözüm bulmadığını göstermiştir. Dolayısı ile yerel halk bölgede daha fazla rüzgâr türbinlerinin kurulmasını desteklememektedir. RES’lerle ilgili ortaya çıkabilecek çatışmalara çözüm getirebilmek için yer seçimi ve tasarım sürecinde yerel çevresel ve sosyo-ekonomik öncelikler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. RES yatırımları ile yerel peyzajın korunması arasındaki denge sağlanmalı ve denetlenmelidir. RES yatırımları için yerel toplumum bakış açısını dikkate alan katılımcı planlama ve karar verme süreçleri oluşturulmalıdır. RES'lerin olası çevresel etkileri yanında sosyo-ekonomik etkileri de Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi (ÇED) yönetmeliklerine dâhil edilmelidir.

Keywords

Yenilenebilir Enerji, Rüzgâr Enerjisi, Enerji yatırımları, Rüzgâr enerji santrali, Arka Bahçemde Olmasın Sendromu, Kırsal kalkınma

Socio-Economic Effects and Social Acceptance of Wind Power Plants in The Rural Settlements

Abstract

Wind energy has been recognized as one of the most environmentally harmless sources of electricity generation. Although wind energy has significantly supported people, it is not possible to claim that wind power development (WPD) receives the same support. Government and entrepreneurs may encounter regional oppositions in investments related to renewable energy. This study aimed to determine the local people's opposition to the Bağarası Wind Power Plant located in Koçarlı District of Aydın. The research was carried out with face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire in 2019. the SPSS22 program was used for the calculation of the data. The findings indicate that local people can continue agriculture and animal husbandry in the area left from WPDs, WPDs do not affect their real estate value. However, the results also showed that WPDs did not create a significant economic activity in the region. They did not create employment and did not solve the region's unemployment problem. Therefore, the local people do not support the installation of further wind turbines in their local area. Local environmental and socioeconomic priorities should be taken into account in the site selection and design process to resolve conflicts that may arise regarding WPDs. The balance between WPD investments and the protection of the local landscape should be ensured and monitored. Participatory planning and decision-making processes that take into account the local community perspective should also be established. The socioeconomic impacts of WPDs, besides their potential environmental impacts, should be included in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations.

Keywords

Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Energy Investments, Wind Power Plant, Not In My Backyard Syndrome, Rural Development

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