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Hardware Design of Single-Phase Smart Electricity Meter based on Multiple Wireless Connectivity Technologies

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 332 - 338, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1040829

Abstract

Smart meters are an indispensable element of new generation smart grids. This study presents the hardware design of a novel single-phase smart electricity meter, which can provide energy efficiency, adaptive pricing and automated data collection functions. Besides, an extensive information is given about the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and NB-IoT technologies that are used to transfer the electrical parameters (current, voltage, active/reactive power, power factor etc.) related with its connected load to the cloud server. Our designed smart meter has been tested by connecting to the LED lighting panel, which is supplied over the electric grid. So, the measurement validity has been verified by using the application program. Also, the smart meter readings have been successfully transferred to the mobile phone application and cloud platform with the help of available wireless connection technologies.

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Thanks

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References

  • AGECC. (2010). Energy for a Sustainable Future. United Nations.
  • Alotaibi, I., Abido, M. A., Khalid, M., and Savkin, A. V. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A Sustainable Future with Renewable Energy Resources. Energies, 13(23), 1-41.
  • Amin, M., Annaswamy, A. M., DeMarco, C. L., and Samad, T. (2013). IEEE Vision for Smart Grid Controls: 2030 and Beyond.
  • Atiç, S., Parlakyıldız, Ş., and İlcihan, Z. (2015). Smart Meter and Turkey. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 92-96.
  • Barai, G. R., Krishnan, S., and Venkatesh, B. (2015). Smart Metering and Functionalities of Smart Meters in Smart Grid: A Review. IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC), (pp. 138-145). London, ON, Canada.
  • Chen, D. (2017). A Survey of IEEE 802.11 Protocols: Comparison and Prospective. Advances in Engineering Research, 141, 569-578.
  • Cisco. (2020). IEEE 802.11ax: The Sixth Generation of Wi-Fi.
  • EAC. (2008). Smart Grid: Enabler of the New Energy Economy. Electricity Advisory Committee.
  • EMRA. (2018). The Turkey Smart Grids 2023 Vision and Strategy Roadmap Project (TAS 2023). Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) and Association of Distribution System Operators (ELDER).
  • Escobar, J. J., Matamoros, O. M., Padilla, R. T., Reyes, I. L., and Espinosa, H. Q. (2021). A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities. Sensors, 21, 1-41.
  • Espressif. (2021). ESP32- WROOM-¬32 Data Sheet (Version 3.2).
  • Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., and Hancke, G. P. (2011). Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 7(4), 529-539.
  • Hlaing, W., Thepphaeng, S., Nontaboot, V., Tangsunantham, N., Sangsuwan, T., and Pira, C. (2017). Implementation of WiFi-based single phase smart meter for Internet of Things (IoT). International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), (pp. 1-4).
  • Kabalci, Y. (2016). A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 302-318.
  • Karmakar, R., Chattopadhyay, S., and Chakraborty, S. (2017). Impact of IEEE 802.11n/ac PHY/MAC High Throughput Enhancements on Transport and Application Protocols—A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(4), 2050-2091.
  • Ma, Z., Clausen, A., Lin, Y., and Jørgensen, B. N. (2021). An overview of digitalization for the building-to-grid ecosystem. Energy Informatics, 4(36), 1-21.
  • Martins, J. F., Pronto, A. G., Delgado-Gomes, V., and Sanduleac, M. (2019). Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure. In A. Taşcıkaraoğlu, & O. Erdinç, Pathways to a Smarter Power System (pp. 89-114).
  • Maxim. (2015). DS3231M Real-Time Clock Data Sheet (Rev 7).
  • Mekki, K., Bajic, E., Chaxel, F., and Meyer, F. (2019). A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment. ICT Express, 5(1), 1-7.
  • Microchip. (2015). MCP39F511 Power-Monitoring IC with Calculation and Energy Accumulation.
  • Misra, S., & Bera, S. (2018). Smart Grid Technology: A Cloud Computing and Data Management Approach. Cambridge.
  • Momoh, J. (2012). Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mwakwata, C. B., Malik, H., Alam, M. M., Moullec, Y. L., Parand, S., and Mumtaz, S. (2019). Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT): From Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) Layers Perspectives. Sensors, 19(11), 1-34.
  • Oliveira, L., Rodrigues, J. J., Kozlov, S. A., Rabêlo, R. A., and Albuquerque, V. H. (2019). MAC Layer Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey. Future Internet, 11(1), 1-42.
  • Pauzet, O. (2010). Cellular Communications and the Future of Smart Metering. Sierra Wireless.
  • Quectel. (2020). BC95-G Multi-band NB-IoT Module with Ultra-low Power Consumption (Rev. V1.9).
  • Santoso, E. S., Hidayati, A., Suryanegara, M., and Nashiruddin, M. I. (2019). NB-IoT Network Planning for Smart Metering Services in Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. 16th International Conference on Quality in Research (QIR): International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering, (pp. 1-6). Padang, Indonesia.
  • Seelmann, V., Nienke, S., Schwank, M., and Schölling, M. (2018). Selecting Communication Technology Components for the Smart Grid: A Technology Configurator. Journal of Communications, 13(10), 581-587.
  • STMicroelectronics. (2020). STM32F405xx STM32F407xx Data Sheet (DS8626 Rev 9).
  • Tosi, J., Taffoni, F., Santacatterina, M., Sannino, R., and Formica, D. (2017). Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 17(12), 1-34.
  • USDE. (2018). Smart Grid System Report. United States Department of Energy.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Hong, T., and Kang, C. (2018). Review of Smart Meter Data Analytics: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(3), 3125-3148.
  • Zheng, J., Gao, D. W., and Lin, L. (2013). Smart Meters in Smart Grid: An Overview. IEEE Green Technologies Conference, (pp. 57-64). Denver, USA.

Çoklu Kablosuz Bağlantı Teknolojilerine Dayalı Tek Faz Akıllı Elektrik Sayacının Donanım Tasarımı

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 332 - 338, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1040829

Abstract

Akıllı sayaçlar, yeni nesil akıllı şebekelerin vazgeçilmez bir unsurudur. Bu çalışmada enerji verimliliği, uyarlamalı fiyatlandırma ve otomatik veri toplama fonksiyonları sağlayabilecek özgün bir tek faz akıllı elektrik sayacının donanım tasarımı sunulmuştur. Bununla birlikte geliştirilen akıllı sayaç ile bağlı olduğu yüke ilişkin toplanan elektriksel parametrelerin (akım, gerilim, aktif/reaktif güç, güç faktörü vb.) bulut sunucusuna aktarılması için kullanılan Bluetooth, Wi-Fi ve NB-IoT teknolojileri hakkında kapsamlı bilgi verilmiştir. Tasarlanan akıllı sayaç elektrik şebekesi üzerinden beslenen LED aydınlatma paneline bağlanarak test edilmiş ve elde edilen ölçüm değerlerinin geçerli olduğu uygulama programı kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca akıllı sayaç okuma değerlerinin mevcut olan kablosuz bağlantı teknolojileri yardımıyla cep telefonu uygulamasına ve bulut platformuna aktarımı başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Project Number

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References

  • AGECC. (2010). Energy for a Sustainable Future. United Nations.
  • Alotaibi, I., Abido, M. A., Khalid, M., and Savkin, A. V. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A Sustainable Future with Renewable Energy Resources. Energies, 13(23), 1-41.
  • Amin, M., Annaswamy, A. M., DeMarco, C. L., and Samad, T. (2013). IEEE Vision for Smart Grid Controls: 2030 and Beyond.
  • Atiç, S., Parlakyıldız, Ş., and İlcihan, Z. (2015). Smart Meter and Turkey. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 92-96.
  • Barai, G. R., Krishnan, S., and Venkatesh, B. (2015). Smart Metering and Functionalities of Smart Meters in Smart Grid: A Review. IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC), (pp. 138-145). London, ON, Canada.
  • Chen, D. (2017). A Survey of IEEE 802.11 Protocols: Comparison and Prospective. Advances in Engineering Research, 141, 569-578.
  • Cisco. (2020). IEEE 802.11ax: The Sixth Generation of Wi-Fi.
  • EAC. (2008). Smart Grid: Enabler of the New Energy Economy. Electricity Advisory Committee.
  • EMRA. (2018). The Turkey Smart Grids 2023 Vision and Strategy Roadmap Project (TAS 2023). Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) and Association of Distribution System Operators (ELDER).
  • Escobar, J. J., Matamoros, O. M., Padilla, R. T., Reyes, I. L., and Espinosa, H. Q. (2021). A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities. Sensors, 21, 1-41.
  • Espressif. (2021). ESP32- WROOM-¬32 Data Sheet (Version 3.2).
  • Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., and Hancke, G. P. (2011). Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 7(4), 529-539.
  • Hlaing, W., Thepphaeng, S., Nontaboot, V., Tangsunantham, N., Sangsuwan, T., and Pira, C. (2017). Implementation of WiFi-based single phase smart meter for Internet of Things (IoT). International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), (pp. 1-4).
  • Kabalci, Y. (2016). A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 302-318.
  • Karmakar, R., Chattopadhyay, S., and Chakraborty, S. (2017). Impact of IEEE 802.11n/ac PHY/MAC High Throughput Enhancements on Transport and Application Protocols—A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(4), 2050-2091.
  • Ma, Z., Clausen, A., Lin, Y., and Jørgensen, B. N. (2021). An overview of digitalization for the building-to-grid ecosystem. Energy Informatics, 4(36), 1-21.
  • Martins, J. F., Pronto, A. G., Delgado-Gomes, V., and Sanduleac, M. (2019). Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure. In A. Taşcıkaraoğlu, & O. Erdinç, Pathways to a Smarter Power System (pp. 89-114).
  • Maxim. (2015). DS3231M Real-Time Clock Data Sheet (Rev 7).
  • Mekki, K., Bajic, E., Chaxel, F., and Meyer, F. (2019). A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment. ICT Express, 5(1), 1-7.
  • Microchip. (2015). MCP39F511 Power-Monitoring IC with Calculation and Energy Accumulation.
  • Misra, S., & Bera, S. (2018). Smart Grid Technology: A Cloud Computing and Data Management Approach. Cambridge.
  • Momoh, J. (2012). Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mwakwata, C. B., Malik, H., Alam, M. M., Moullec, Y. L., Parand, S., and Mumtaz, S. (2019). Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT): From Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) Layers Perspectives. Sensors, 19(11), 1-34.
  • Oliveira, L., Rodrigues, J. J., Kozlov, S. A., Rabêlo, R. A., and Albuquerque, V. H. (2019). MAC Layer Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey. Future Internet, 11(1), 1-42.
  • Pauzet, O. (2010). Cellular Communications and the Future of Smart Metering. Sierra Wireless.
  • Quectel. (2020). BC95-G Multi-band NB-IoT Module with Ultra-low Power Consumption (Rev. V1.9).
  • Santoso, E. S., Hidayati, A., Suryanegara, M., and Nashiruddin, M. I. (2019). NB-IoT Network Planning for Smart Metering Services in Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. 16th International Conference on Quality in Research (QIR): International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering, (pp. 1-6). Padang, Indonesia.
  • Seelmann, V., Nienke, S., Schwank, M., and Schölling, M. (2018). Selecting Communication Technology Components for the Smart Grid: A Technology Configurator. Journal of Communications, 13(10), 581-587.
  • STMicroelectronics. (2020). STM32F405xx STM32F407xx Data Sheet (DS8626 Rev 9).
  • Tosi, J., Taffoni, F., Santacatterina, M., Sannino, R., and Formica, D. (2017). Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 17(12), 1-34.
  • USDE. (2018). Smart Grid System Report. United States Department of Energy.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Hong, T., and Kang, C. (2018). Review of Smart Meter Data Analytics: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(3), 3125-3148.
  • Zheng, J., Gao, D. W., and Lin, L. (2013). Smart Meters in Smart Grid: An Overview. IEEE Green Technologies Conference, (pp. 57-64). Denver, USA.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Osman Saygın Akkaya 0000-0001-9491-517X

Hakkı Soy 0000-0003-3938-0381

Project Number -
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 32

Cite

APA Akkaya, O. S., & Soy, H. (2021). Hardware Design of Single-Phase Smart Electricity Meter based on Multiple Wireless Connectivity Technologies. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(32), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1040829

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