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Uzamsal Alan Görüntü Steganografisi için Blok Veri Gizlemede Kanal Seçimi

Year 2022, Issue: 34, 305 - 310, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1081746

Abstract

İnternetin yaygın kullanılması ile birlikte veri iletimi kolaylaşmıştır. Bütün iletişim biçimlerinde, özellikle gizli iletişimde, veri güvenliği en önemli unsurdur. Bu nedenle, verinin güvenliğini sağlamak için verinin şifrelenmesi en eski yöntemdir ve buna kriptografi adı verilmektedir. Kriptografi, bilgiyi güvence altına almak için kullanılan etkili bir yöntem olsa da bilginin varlığını belli eder. Steganografi ise, bilginin varlığını istenmeyen kişilerden gizler. Steganografi verinin varlığını kamufle etmek için kapak adı verilen taşıyıcı medya kullanır. Kapak medya; video, görüntü veya ses dosyası olabilir. Uzamsal alanda görüntü steganografisinde, veriler bir kapak görüntünün piksellerine doğrudan yerleştirilir. Literatürde, birçok araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş çeşitli görüntü steganografi teknikleri yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, uzamsal alanda görüntü steganografisinde, blok veri gizleme için güvenli kanal seçimi tekniği önerilmektedir. Veri gizlemede kullanılacak pikseli tespit etmek için iki yöntem kullanılmıştır. Birincisinde, kapak görüntü bloklara bölündükten sonra, blok içerisindeki her bir pikselin komşuları ile arasındaki ortalama farkı yani gradyan değeri kullanılmaktadır. İkincisinde, pikselin sayısal değeri doğrudan kullanılmaktadır. Tespit edilen piksellerin en az anlamlı bitleri (1-lsb, 2-lsb, 3-lsb), gizlenecek mesajın bitleri ile değiştirilmektedir. Her iki yöntemde de PSNR ve SSIM değerlerinin birbirlerine yakın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen stego görüntülerin 1-lsb için ortalama PSNR değeri 63.2631 ve bpp değeri 0,007, 2-lsb için PSNR değeri 56.8598 ve bpp değeri 0.015, 3-lsb için PSNR değeri 50.5023 ve bpp değeri 0.03 bulunmuştur, bu değerlerin oldukça başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Cheddad, A., Condell, J., Curran K. ve Kevitt, P.M. (2010). Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods. Signal Processing, 90, 727-752.
  • Chen, J., Zhu, Y., Shen Y. ve Zhang, W. (2010). Efficient Matrix Embedding Based on Random Linear Codes. 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security, 879-883.
  • Crandall, R. (1998). Some Notes on Steganography.
  • Çataltaş, Ö. ve Tütüncü, K. (2017). Improvement of lsb based image steganography, International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, 5.
  • Fridrich, J. ve Soukal, D. (2006). Matrix embedding for large payloads. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 1, 390-395. Kanan, H. R. ve Nazeri, B. (2014). A novel image steganography scheme with high embedding capacity and tunable visual image quality based on genetic algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 41, 6123-6130.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Arch-int, S. ve Arch-int, N. (2015). A novel secure channel selection rule for spatial image steganography. 2015 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 230-23.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Arch-int, S. ve Arch-int, N. (2015). New Channel Selection Criterionfor Spatial Domain Steganography. 2015 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 230, 2015.
  • Sabeti V., Samavi, S. ve Shirani, S. (2013). An adaptive LSB matching steganography based on octonary complexity measure. Multimed Tools Appl, 64,777-793.
  • Shah, P. D. ve Bichkar, R.S. (2021). Secret data modification based image steganography technique usng genetic algorithm having a flexible chromosome structure. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 24, 782-94.
  • Zhong, Y., Huang, F. ve Zhang, D. (2013). New Channel Selection Criterion for Spatial Domain Steganography. Digital Forensics and Watermaking, Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 7809, 1-7.

Channel Selection in Block Data Embedding for Spatial Domain Image Steganography

Year 2022, Issue: 34, 305 - 310, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1081746

Abstract

With the widespread use of the Internet, data transmission has become easier. In all forms of communication, especially confidential communication, data security is the most important issue. Therefore, encryption of data is the oldest method toensure the security of data and it is called cryptography. Although cryptography is an effective method used to secure information, it reveals the presence of information. Steganography, on the other hand, hides the presence of information from unwanted people. Steganography uses carrier media, called covers, to camouflage the presence of data. Cover media; can be a video, an image or an audio file. In image steganographyfor the spatial-domain, data is placed directly into the pixels of a cover image. In the literature, there are various image steganography techniques developed by many researchers. In this study, a secure channel selection technique is proposed for block data hiding in spatial image steganography. Two methods were used to detect the pixel to be used in data hiding. In the first, after the cover image is divided into blocks, the average difference between each pixel and its neighborsin the block, that is the gradient value, is used. In the second, the numerical value of the pixel is used directly. The least significant bits (1-lsb, 2-lsb, 3-lsb) of the detected pixels are replaced with the bits of the message to be hidden. PSNR and SSIM values were found to be close to each other in both methods. The mean PSNR value for 1-lsb was 63.2631 and the bpp value was 0.007, the PSNR value for 2-lsb was 56.8598 and the bpp value was 0.015, the PSNR value for 3-lsb was 50.5023 and the bpp value was 0.03. These values were found to be quite successful.

References

  • Cheddad, A., Condell, J., Curran K. ve Kevitt, P.M. (2010). Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods. Signal Processing, 90, 727-752.
  • Chen, J., Zhu, Y., Shen Y. ve Zhang, W. (2010). Efficient Matrix Embedding Based on Random Linear Codes. 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security, 879-883.
  • Crandall, R. (1998). Some Notes on Steganography.
  • Çataltaş, Ö. ve Tütüncü, K. (2017). Improvement of lsb based image steganography, International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, 5.
  • Fridrich, J. ve Soukal, D. (2006). Matrix embedding for large payloads. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 1, 390-395. Kanan, H. R. ve Nazeri, B. (2014). A novel image steganography scheme with high embedding capacity and tunable visual image quality based on genetic algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 41, 6123-6130.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Arch-int, S. ve Arch-int, N. (2015). A novel secure channel selection rule for spatial image steganography. 2015 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 230-23.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Arch-int, S. ve Arch-int, N. (2015). New Channel Selection Criterionfor Spatial Domain Steganography. 2015 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 230, 2015.
  • Sabeti V., Samavi, S. ve Shirani, S. (2013). An adaptive LSB matching steganography based on octonary complexity measure. Multimed Tools Appl, 64,777-793.
  • Shah, P. D. ve Bichkar, R.S. (2021). Secret data modification based image steganography technique usng genetic algorithm having a flexible chromosome structure. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 24, 782-94.
  • Zhong, Y., Huang, F. ve Zhang, D. (2013). New Channel Selection Criterion for Spatial Domain Steganography. Digital Forensics and Watermaking, Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 7809, 1-7.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Sarı 0000-0003-2834-3745

Mehmet Yıldırım 0000-0003-1676-1560

Early Pub Date January 30, 2022
Publication Date March 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 34

Cite

APA Sarı, Z., & Yıldırım, M. (2022). Uzamsal Alan Görüntü Steganografisi için Blok Veri Gizlemede Kanal Seçimi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(34), 305-310. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1081746