An Investigation of the Relationship Between Imagery and Sportive Confidence in Volleyball Athletes

Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between imagery in sports and the sportive confidence in athletes who play volleyball. 277 elite athletes who play volleyball, from 3 league levels (1st League, 2nd League, and Super League) between the ages of 18 and 35 (23.32 ± 4.16), of which 157 are women (21.78 ± 3.54), and 120 are men (25.33 ± 4.04) form the sample population of the research. Personal Information Form, Imaging Inventory, and Continuous Sportive Self-Confidence Inventory were applied to collect data. Independent T-test was applied to examine the distribution of the scores of sub-dimensions of imaging in sports and sportive confidence according to the variables gender, status of national team participation, and athlete's age, and Tukey HSD test with One-Way ANOVA was applied to examine the distribution according to active years in sports, age, and league level. After the findings from the analysis, it was determined that there was a meaningful difference between the sub-dimensions of imaging in sports and sportive confidence scores according to the variables of age, gender, sports age, the status of national team participation, league level, and active years in sports (p<0.05).

Keywords

• Imagery
• Sportive confidence
• Volleyball

Voleybol Sporcularında İmgeleme ve Sportif Güven Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı voleybol oynayan sporcularda imgeleme ile sportif güven arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu elit düzeyde voleybol oynayan 3 lig düzeyinden (1. Lig, 2. Lig ve Süper Lig) yaşları 18 ile 35 arasında değişen (23.32±4.16) 157 kadın (21.78±3.54) ve 120 erkek (25.33±4.04) olmak üzere toplam 277 sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama amacı ile tüm katılımcılara Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sporda İmgeleme Envanteri ve Sürekli Sportif Kendine Güven Envanteri uygulanmıştır. Sporda imgeleme alt boyutları ile sportif güven arasındaki puanlarının cinsiyet, millilik durumu ve spor yaşı değişkenine göre dağılımını incelemek için independent-samples t-testi, sporcuların profesyonel sporculuk yılı, yaş ve lig düzeyi değişkenine göre incelemek için de One-Way ANOVA ile Tukey HSD testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz bulgularının sonucunda araştırmaya katılan sporcuların sporda imgeleme alt boyutları ile sportif güven puanları arasında yaş, cinsiyet, spor yaşı, millilik durumu, lig düzeyi ve profesyonel sporculuk yılı değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05).

Keywords

• İmgeleme
• Sportif güven
• Voleybol

References

1. Ağılönü, Ö. (2014). Imagining athletes who play different sport branches of investigation and problem-solving skills. Master's thesis, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Health Sciences Institute, Muğla.
2. Andersen, M. (2000). Doing sport psychology (1’st edition). Human Kinetics.
3. Aslan, V. (2014). Investigation of depression levels and their effect on imaging forms for the athletes in different age categories. Master's thesis, 19 Mayıs University, Health Sciences Institute, Samsun.
4. Ayaş, E. B. (2019). Investigation of the effect of imagination on sportive self-confidence in women athletes. Doctoral thesis, Fırat University, Health Sciences Institute, Elazığ.
5. Bilgin, O. (2011). The investigation of self-confidence levels of adolescents according to different variables. Master's thesis, Sakarya University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya.
6. Budnik-Przybylska, D., Huzarska, I., & Karasiewicz, K. (2022). Does imagery ability matter for the relationship between temperament and self-confidence in team and individual sport disciplines? Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Article 893457 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893457
7. Burton, D., & Raedeke, T. D. (2008). Sport psychology for coaches (1’st edition). Human Kinetics.
8. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2013). Statistics for social sciences. Pegem Academy Publishing.

9. Callow, N., Hardy, L., & Hall, C. (2001). The Effects of a motivational general mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(4), 389-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608975
10. Çetinkaya, T. (2015). The relationship among athletic identity and trait sport confidence in team sports. Doctoral thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
11. Durmaz, Ö. (2019). Investigation of imagery of elit sports in different branches and genders. Master's thesis, 19 May University, Health Sciences Institute, Samsun.
12. Ekinci, N. E., Özdilek, Ç., Deryahanoğlu, G., & Üstün, Ü. D. (2014). Exploring self-confidence level of high school students doing sport. Sportive Sight: Journal of Sports and Education, 1(1), 36-42.
13. Erdoğan, P. D. (2009). Anology of imagination anxiety level in the sportspeople dealing with individual and team sports. Master's thesis, Sakarya University, Social Sciences Institute, Sakarya.
14. Grasel-Barbosa, D., Silva-Beltrame, T., Teresinha-Corazza, S., Augusto Santos Silva, D., Pelegrini, A., & Pereira Gomes Felden, E. (2023). The Role of sport confidence, imagery use and social support on performance in adolescent athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 54(3), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2023.54.269.
15. George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10th ed.) Pearson.
16. Hall, C.R. (2001). Imagery in sport and exercise. In R.N. Singer, & H. A. Hausenblas (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (2’nd edition, pp. 529-549). John Willy& Sons.
17. Işık, U. (2018). Relationship between sports self-confidence levels and athlete identities in amateur and professional football players. Sports Education Journal, 2(3), 26-35
18. İnan, H., Ayaş, B. E., & Kartal, M. (2017). Examining of sport trait self-confidence in tennis branche athletes in terms of various variables. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 4(6), 57-62.
19. İkizler, C., & Karagözoğlu C. (1997). Psychology of success in sports. Alfa Press Distribution.
20. Jones, G., Swain, A., & Cale, A. (1991). Gender differences in precomputation temporal patterning and antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 1-15.
21. Kaya, A., Balay, R., & Göçen, A. (2012). Investigation of teachers' opinions on alternative assessment and evaluation techniques. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(2), 1229-1259. https://doi.org/10.35452/caless.2020.26
22. Kendall, G., Hrycaiko, D., Martin, G.L., & Kendall, T. (1990). The effects of an imagery rehearsal, relaxation, and self-talk package on basketball game performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(2), 157-166.
23. Kızıldağ, E. (2007). Athletes imagery styles in different sports. Master's thesis, Mersin University, Health Sciences Institute, Mersin.
24. Konter, E. (2003). Misconceptions and realities in applied sports psychology. Dokuz Eylül Publications.
25. Konter, E. (2006). Encounter psychology in sports. Nobel Printing Publishing Distribution.
26. Marshall, E. A., & Gibson, A. (2017). The effect of an imagery training intervention on self-confidence, anxiety and performance in acrobatic gymnastics-A pilot study. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2016-0009
27. Matsushima, R., & Shiomi, K. (2003). Developing a scale of self-efficacy in personal relationships for adolescents. Psychological Reports, 92(1), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.17
28. Miçooğulları, O., Kirazcı, S., & Özdemir, R. A. (2009). Determination of sport imagery types and levels with respect to soccer playing experience. Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(1), 1-8.
29. Morris, T., Spittle, M.P., & Watt, A. (2005). Imagery in sport. Human kinetics.
30. Munroe-Chandler, K., Hall, C., & Fishburne, G. (2008). Playing with confidence: the relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self-efficacy in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1539-1546. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802315419
31. Orlick, T., & Partington, J. (1988). Mental links to excellence. The Sport Psychologist, 2(2), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.2.105
32. Petruzzello, S. J., & Corbin, C. B. (1988). The effects of performance feedback on female self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(2), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.2.174
33. Ramezani, N., & Hoseyni, M. (2009). The relationship between collective efficacy, group cohesion and team performance in professional volleyball teams, Brazilian. Journal of Biomotrcity, 3(1), 31-39.
34. Salmon, J., Hall, C., & Halsam, I.R. (1994). The use of imagery by soccer players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 116-133.
35. Savaş, M. (2019). The analysis of the relationship between secondary school students' using imaging skills and their sportive confidence level. Master's thesis, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Health Sciences Institute, Erzincan.
36. Smith L. H., & Kays, T. M. (2010) Sports psychology for dummies (1’st edition). John Wiley & Sons.
37. Ulucan, H., & Bölükbaşı, T. (2020). Examination the imagination style of athletes dealing with different branches at the university level. International Bozok Journal of Sports Sciences, 1(1), 1-10.
38. Ungerleider, S., Golding, J. M., Porter K., & Foster, J. (1989). An exploratory examination of cognitive strategies used by masters track and field athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 3(3), 245-253.
39. Vadocz, E., Hall, C., & Moritz, S. E. (1997). The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(2), 241-253.
40. Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221-246.
41. Vurgun, N. (2010). Adaptation of sport imagery questionnaire to Turkish, and effects of sport imagery on competitive anxiety and sports confidence. Doctoral thesis, Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, İzmir.
42. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Nobel Academic Publishing.
43. Yalçın, İ. (2019). Investigation of the relationship between imagery and self-confidence in professional football players. Doctoral thesis, Sakarya University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya.
44. Yalçın, İ., Ayhan, C., Yıldırım-Araz, G., Bayram, A., & Birkök, M. C. (2022). The Effect of Imagery Ability on Mental Toughness and Sportive Confidence Level in Athletes. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, (5), 895-905. https://doi.org/10.38021asbid.1210993