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The Concept of “Productıve Employment” as an Element of Inclusıve Growth and an Assessment an Turkey

Year 2021, , 273 - 295, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.994260

Abstract

The fact that growth should be sustainable and inclusive has become one of the main points emphasized by development policies. The growth process must include social, institutional, and environmental factors. For this reason, the goal of inclusive growth has come to the fore and has become one of the primary goals of policymakers. According to inclusive growth, growth should not only focus on the increase in the production of goods and services. Inclusive growth is a broad concept that includes many elements. The main purpose of the study is to focus on productive employment, which is one of the aforementioned factors, and to show which indicators can be used to explain productive employment and how these indicators change over time in Turkey. Some basic indicators reflecting productive employment, which were determined in line with the studies in the literature, were examined. It has been observed that the level of employment, especially in knowledge-intensive activities, the rate of increase in labor productivity and the rate of GDP per hour worked are insufficient in Turkey. In addition, it should be aimed to reduce working poverty.

References

  • Akgül, O. (2016). Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Mahzurlu Alanları ve Öneriler. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(12), 96-127.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2009). Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool-A Critical Assessment. DESA Working Paper, No. 89, ST/ESA/2009/DWP/89.
  • Cichowicz, E. & Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2018). Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 10(11), 1-23.
  • Dekker, M., Simbanegavi, W., Hollander, S. & Miroro, O. (2018). Boosting Productive Employment in Africa: What Works and Why? Synthesis Report Series. The Netherlands INCLUDE Secretariat, The Hague.
  • Epstein, G. (2014). Restructuring Finance to Promote Productive Employment. European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 11(2), 161-170.
  • Erdayı, A. U. (2009). Dünyada Genç İşsizliği Sorununun Çözümüne Yönelik Ulusal Politikalar ve Türkiye. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3, 133-162.
  • Eurostat, https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do, (18.08.2021).
  • Gallart, M. A. (2008). Skills, Productivity and Employment Growth: The Case of Latin America. International Labour Organization (ILO/Cinterfor).
  • Georgescu, M. & Herman, E. (2019). Productive Employment for Inclusive and Sustainable Development in European Union Countries: A Multivariate Analysis. Sustainability, 11(6), 1-19.
  • Green, A., Kispeter, E., Sissons, P. & Froy, F. (2017). How International Cities Lead Inclusive Growth Agendas. York: JRF.
  • Herman, E. (2016). Productive Employment in Romania: A Major Challenge to the Integration into the European Union. Amfiteatru Economic, 18(42), 335-350.
  • Huang, Y. & Quibria, M. G. (2013). The Global Partnership for Inclusive Growth. WIDER Working Paper, No. 2013/059.
  • Ianchovichina, E. & Lundstrom, S. (2009). Inclusive Growth Analytics: Framework and Application. The World Bank, Economic Policy and Debt Department, Policy Research, Working Paper, 4851.
  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2012). Understanding Deficits of Productive Employment and Setting Targets: A Methodological Guide. Geneva: ILO.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO), https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/labour-productivity/, (23.07.2021).
  • Kamau, P., Kinyanjui, B., Akinyoade, A. & Mukoko, C. (2018). Assessment of Productive Employment Policies in Kenya. ASC Working Paper, 140 / 2018.
  • Kaya, S. (2020). İnsana Yakışır İş Açığı: Çalışan Yoksulluğu Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 79, 55-106.
  • Kelleci, M. A. (2003). Bilgi Ekonomisi, İşgücü Piyasasının Temel Aktörleri ve Eşitsizlik: Eğilimler, Roller, Fırsatlar ve Riskler. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dairesi, Yayın No. DPT. 2674.
  • Kubar, Y. (2011). Bir İktisat Politikası Amacı Olarak Gelir Dağılımı: Türkiye Örneği (1994–2007) Analizi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), 227-246.
  • Lederman, D. (2013). International Trade and Inclusive Growth: A Primer. Indian Growth and Development Review, 6(1), 88-112.
  • Majid, N. (2001). The Working Poor in Developing Countries. International Labour Review, 140(3), 271-291.
  • Martins, P. (2013). Unearthing Productive Employment: A Diagnostic Tool for Sub-Saharan Africa. Development Progress Working Paper 1. London: ODI.
  • McKinley, T. (2010). Inclusive Growth Criteria and Indicators: An Inclusive Growth Index for Diagnosis of Country Progress. Asian Development Bank Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 14.
  • Milica, D. & Milica, J. (2019). Productive Employment and Working Conditions as Determinants of Sustainable Economic Development in Serbia. Studies in Business and Economics, 14(3), 84-96.
  • OECD, https://data.oecd.org/lprdty/gdp-per-hour-worked.htm, (02.08.2021).
  • Ofluoğlu, G. & Balcı, A. İ. (2016). Küreselleşme, Bilgi Toplumu ve Çalışan Yoksullar. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(11), 56-75.
  • O'Higgins, N. (2001). Youth Unemployment and Employment Policy: A Global Perspective. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper, No. 23698.
  • Okuwa, O. B. (2020). Job Creation and Decent Work in Oyo State Nigeria. Modern Economy, 11, 1752-1770.
  • Otobe, N. (2014). Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment through Productive Employment and Social Protection. WIDER Working Paper, 2014/091.
  • Özdemir, M. Ç. & İslamoğlu, E. (2017). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk: Kavram-Teori-Uygulama. (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Özdemir, A. (2015). Çalışan Yoksulluğuna İlişkin Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme: Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Çalışan Yoksulluğunun Boyutları ve Mücadele Politikaları. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 96-126.
  • Posta, I. & Prom-Jackson, S. (2015). Evaluation of Mainstreaming of Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work by the United Nations System Organizations. United Nations, Summary Report, JIU/REP/2015/1.
  • Rammelt, C. F., Leung, M. & Gebru, K. M. (2018). The Exclusive Nature of Inclusive Productive Employment in the Rural Areas of Northern Ethiopia. Work, Employment and Society, 32(6), 1044-1060.
  • Servais, J. (2004). Globalization and Decent Work Policy: Reflections Upon A New Legal Approach. International Labour Review, 143(1-2), 185-207.
  • Silva, S. J. de & Söderbäck, M. (2013). Study on Existing Models for Productive Employment and Possible Models for Funding. SIPU International Swedish Institute for Public Administration. Contract No C61157/F61021.
  • Singh, K. D. P. (2017). Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of India. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 63(4), 579-594.
  • Szirmai, A., Gebreeyesus, M., Guadagno, F. & Verspagen, B. (2013). Promoting Productive Employment in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literatüre. UNU-MERIT Working Papers, No. 062.
  • Takeuchi, L. R. (2014). More and Better Jobs: Does Everyone Want the Same? Shaping Policy for Development, Report, July 2014.
  • Weeks, J. (2015). Macroeconomic Policies for Full and Productive Employment: Case Studies of Thailand and Viet Nam. ILO Asia - Pacific Working Paper Series.
  • World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator, (20.06.2021).
  • Yenisu, E. (2019). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde İşgücü Verimliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (KÜSBD), 9(1), 35-60.
  • Yücel, K. G. (2019). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret Uygulamasının Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 3(2), 338-363

Kapsayıcı Büyümenin Bir Unsuru Olarak “Üretken İstihdam” Kavramı ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, , 273 - 295, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.994260

Abstract

Büyümenin sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı olması gerektiği, kalkınma politikalarının vurguladığı temel noktalardan biri haline gelmiştir. Sosyal, kurumsal ve çevresel faktörleri de dikkate alan bir büyüme sürecine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu ihtiyaç doğrultusunda kapsayıcı büyüme hedefi ön plana çıkmış ve politika yapıcıların öncelikli hedeflerinden biri olmuştur. Kapsayıcı büyüme anlayışına göre büyüme, sadece mal ve hizmet üretimindeki artışa odaklanarak ekonomik çerçeve ile sınırlı kalmamalıdır. Kapsayıcı büyüme, çok sayıda unsuru içinde barındıran geniş bir kavramdır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, söz konusu unsurlardan biri olan üretken istihdam üzerine odaklanarak üretken istihdamın hangi göstergeler yardımıyla ele alınabileceğini ve bu göstergelerin Türkiye’de zaman içerisinde nasıl değiştiğini açıklamaktır. Literatürdeki çalışmalar doğrultusunda belirlenen ve üretken istihdamı yansıtan bazı temel göstergelerin seyri incelendiğinde, Türkiye’de özellikle bilgi yoğun faaliyetlerdeki istihdam düzeyinin, iş gücü verimliliğindeki artış oranının ve çalışılan saat başına düşen GSYİH oranının yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışan yoksulluğu ile mücadeleye daha fazla önem verilerek çalışan yoksulların oranı azaltılmalıdır.

References

  • Akgül, O. (2016). Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Mahzurlu Alanları ve Öneriler. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(12), 96-127.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2009). Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool-A Critical Assessment. DESA Working Paper, No. 89, ST/ESA/2009/DWP/89.
  • Cichowicz, E. & Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2018). Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 10(11), 1-23.
  • Dekker, M., Simbanegavi, W., Hollander, S. & Miroro, O. (2018). Boosting Productive Employment in Africa: What Works and Why? Synthesis Report Series. The Netherlands INCLUDE Secretariat, The Hague.
  • Epstein, G. (2014). Restructuring Finance to Promote Productive Employment. European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 11(2), 161-170.
  • Erdayı, A. U. (2009). Dünyada Genç İşsizliği Sorununun Çözümüne Yönelik Ulusal Politikalar ve Türkiye. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3, 133-162.
  • Eurostat, https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do, (18.08.2021).
  • Gallart, M. A. (2008). Skills, Productivity and Employment Growth: The Case of Latin America. International Labour Organization (ILO/Cinterfor).
  • Georgescu, M. & Herman, E. (2019). Productive Employment for Inclusive and Sustainable Development in European Union Countries: A Multivariate Analysis. Sustainability, 11(6), 1-19.
  • Green, A., Kispeter, E., Sissons, P. & Froy, F. (2017). How International Cities Lead Inclusive Growth Agendas. York: JRF.
  • Herman, E. (2016). Productive Employment in Romania: A Major Challenge to the Integration into the European Union. Amfiteatru Economic, 18(42), 335-350.
  • Huang, Y. & Quibria, M. G. (2013). The Global Partnership for Inclusive Growth. WIDER Working Paper, No. 2013/059.
  • Ianchovichina, E. & Lundstrom, S. (2009). Inclusive Growth Analytics: Framework and Application. The World Bank, Economic Policy and Debt Department, Policy Research, Working Paper, 4851.
  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2012). Understanding Deficits of Productive Employment and Setting Targets: A Methodological Guide. Geneva: ILO.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO), https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/labour-productivity/, (23.07.2021).
  • Kamau, P., Kinyanjui, B., Akinyoade, A. & Mukoko, C. (2018). Assessment of Productive Employment Policies in Kenya. ASC Working Paper, 140 / 2018.
  • Kaya, S. (2020). İnsana Yakışır İş Açığı: Çalışan Yoksulluğu Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 79, 55-106.
  • Kelleci, M. A. (2003). Bilgi Ekonomisi, İşgücü Piyasasının Temel Aktörleri ve Eşitsizlik: Eğilimler, Roller, Fırsatlar ve Riskler. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dairesi, Yayın No. DPT. 2674.
  • Kubar, Y. (2011). Bir İktisat Politikası Amacı Olarak Gelir Dağılımı: Türkiye Örneği (1994–2007) Analizi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), 227-246.
  • Lederman, D. (2013). International Trade and Inclusive Growth: A Primer. Indian Growth and Development Review, 6(1), 88-112.
  • Majid, N. (2001). The Working Poor in Developing Countries. International Labour Review, 140(3), 271-291.
  • Martins, P. (2013). Unearthing Productive Employment: A Diagnostic Tool for Sub-Saharan Africa. Development Progress Working Paper 1. London: ODI.
  • McKinley, T. (2010). Inclusive Growth Criteria and Indicators: An Inclusive Growth Index for Diagnosis of Country Progress. Asian Development Bank Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 14.
  • Milica, D. & Milica, J. (2019). Productive Employment and Working Conditions as Determinants of Sustainable Economic Development in Serbia. Studies in Business and Economics, 14(3), 84-96.
  • OECD, https://data.oecd.org/lprdty/gdp-per-hour-worked.htm, (02.08.2021).
  • Ofluoğlu, G. & Balcı, A. İ. (2016). Küreselleşme, Bilgi Toplumu ve Çalışan Yoksullar. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(11), 56-75.
  • O'Higgins, N. (2001). Youth Unemployment and Employment Policy: A Global Perspective. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper, No. 23698.
  • Okuwa, O. B. (2020). Job Creation and Decent Work in Oyo State Nigeria. Modern Economy, 11, 1752-1770.
  • Otobe, N. (2014). Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment through Productive Employment and Social Protection. WIDER Working Paper, 2014/091.
  • Özdemir, M. Ç. & İslamoğlu, E. (2017). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk: Kavram-Teori-Uygulama. (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Özdemir, A. (2015). Çalışan Yoksulluğuna İlişkin Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme: Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Çalışan Yoksulluğunun Boyutları ve Mücadele Politikaları. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 96-126.
  • Posta, I. & Prom-Jackson, S. (2015). Evaluation of Mainstreaming of Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work by the United Nations System Organizations. United Nations, Summary Report, JIU/REP/2015/1.
  • Rammelt, C. F., Leung, M. & Gebru, K. M. (2018). The Exclusive Nature of Inclusive Productive Employment in the Rural Areas of Northern Ethiopia. Work, Employment and Society, 32(6), 1044-1060.
  • Servais, J. (2004). Globalization and Decent Work Policy: Reflections Upon A New Legal Approach. International Labour Review, 143(1-2), 185-207.
  • Silva, S. J. de & Söderbäck, M. (2013). Study on Existing Models for Productive Employment and Possible Models for Funding. SIPU International Swedish Institute for Public Administration. Contract No C61157/F61021.
  • Singh, K. D. P. (2017). Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of India. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 63(4), 579-594.
  • Szirmai, A., Gebreeyesus, M., Guadagno, F. & Verspagen, B. (2013). Promoting Productive Employment in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literatüre. UNU-MERIT Working Papers, No. 062.
  • Takeuchi, L. R. (2014). More and Better Jobs: Does Everyone Want the Same? Shaping Policy for Development, Report, July 2014.
  • Weeks, J. (2015). Macroeconomic Policies for Full and Productive Employment: Case Studies of Thailand and Viet Nam. ILO Asia - Pacific Working Paper Series.
  • World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator, (20.06.2021).
  • Yenisu, E. (2019). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde İşgücü Verimliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (KÜSBD), 9(1), 35-60.
  • Yücel, K. G. (2019). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret Uygulamasının Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 3(2), 338-363
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fergül Özgün 0000-0003-0633-7045

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date September 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Özgün, F. (2021). Kapsayıcı Büyümenin Bir Unsuru Olarak “Üretken İstihdam” Kavramı ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Ekonomi İşletme Ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 273-295. https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.994260