DÖRDÜNCÜ SANAYİ DEVRİMİ, KÜRESELLEŞME VE ULUSAL GELİR MUHASEBESİ

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 1 - 34, 01.05.2016

Yücel Candemir

Abstract

21. Yüzyıl 4. Sanayi Devrimi (4SD) ile başladı. Tarihsel, coğrafi, bilimsel, teknolojik ve toplumsal – iktisadi gelişmelerin iç içe geçtiği / örtüştüğü bir etkileşim süreci içinde olup bitenler, ancak çok geniş bir çerçevede bir büyük resmin ele alınması durumunda anlaşılabilir. Ama bizim burada yapmak istediğimiz, o büyük resmin bir parçasını ele almak: Sanayi Devrimi denilen olayın dönüştürdüğü bir dilim – İktisat Kuramı ve onun da bir alt dilimi. 4SD’nin şunları yapmakta olduğunu söyleyebiliriz: Kendisiyle koşut olarak gelişen bir küreselleşme olgusu ile birlikte küresel toplumu ve kendisini de dönüştürmek. Tıpkı 1. Sanayi Devriminde (1SD) olduğu gibi, değişen ve dönüşen yalnız toplumsal çevre değil, o çevreyi inceleyen bilim değişkeni de bu süreçten etkilenmiş ve etkilenmektedir. İktisat biliminin buhar gücünün kullanıma girmesiyle es-anlı ve bağımsızlığını ilan etmiş olarak ortaya çıkmış olması bir rastlantı sayılmamalıdır. Büyük-çap üretim, sermaye birikimi, işgücü, tüketim, talep ve piyasa parametrelerinin bu çok büyük boyutlu değişim – dönüşüm süreci içinde yerelmasıyla birlikte İktisat bilimi de bu süreçte yerini almıştır.

Keywords

Girdi-çıktı analizi, küresel arz ve değer zincirleri, küresellesme, makroiktisadi analiz, sanayi devrimi, teknolojik gelisme

THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, GLOBALIZATION, AND NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING

Abstract

The 21st century began with a new Industrial Revolution, which we term the fourth one and denote as 4IR. Within this broad category are countless separate developments taking place within an interactive process where historic, geographical, scientific, technological, and socio-economic phenomena intermingle and overlap with each other. This is far too big a picture for us to analyze; therefore, our aim here is to confine ourselves to a small portion of that picture: the part of it that is being molded by the phenomenon called Industrial Revolution-Economic Theory—and even there we will limit ourselves to just a sub-section of it. It is easy to observe what the 4IR is doing: transforming global society as well as its own course of action as the ongoing process of globalization evolves. We comment on the parallels between our era and that of the First Industrial Revolution, which coincided with the publishing of Adam Smith’s groundbreaking The Wealth of Nations.

Keywords

Input-output analysis, global supply and value chains, globalization, macroeconomic analysis, industrial revolution, technological development

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