Türkiye’deki Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluk Üzerine Bölgesel Perspektiften Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 49 - 83, 08.03.2024

Gizem Acet Dönmez Bilge Eriş Dereli

Abstract

Yoksulluk olgusunun doğası gereği çok yönlü olan yapısını dikkate alan çok boyutlu yoksulluk yaklaşımı son yıllarda yaygın hâle gelmiştir. Bu çalışma Türkiye için eğitim, sağlık, barınma koşulları, maddi yoksunluk ve sosyal dışlanma boyutlarından oluşan birçok boyutlu yoksulluk endeksi geliştirmektedir. Bu amaçla Alkire-Foster metodolojisi uygulanmakta ve 2014-2022 dönemine ait GYKA mikro veri setleri kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin heterojen yapısı nedeniyle bu çalışma yoksulluğun ülke içindeki mekânsal dağılımına özel olarak odaklanmaktadır. Sonuçlar çok boyutlu yoksulluğun ağırlıklı olarak Güneydoğu ve Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. 2014’ten 2022’ye kadar çok boyutlu yoksulluk istisnasız olarak her bölgede azalmış olsa da en yoksul bölgeler bu dönemde değişmemiştir. Sonrasında, bölgesel yoksulluk ile bölgesel koşullar arasındaki ilişkileri açıklığa kavuşturmak için bölgesel çok boyutlu yoksulluk endeksleri ile bölgesel makroekonomik ve sosyal göstergelere ilişkin çok sayıda grafiği içeren kapsamlı bir betimsel analiz sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

yoksulluk ölçümü, çok boyutlu yoksulluk, bölgesel yoksulluk, bölgesel gelişme

A Study on Multidimensional Poverty in Türki̇ye from a Regional Perspective

Abstract

The multidimensional poverty approach considering the intrinsically multifaceted structure of the poverty phenomenon has become prevalent recently. This study produces a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) -composed of education, health, housing conditions, material deprivation, and social exclusion dimensions- for Türkiye. For this purpose, it applies the Alkire-Foster methodology and employs the SILC micro datasets for the 2014-2022 period. Türkiye is a rather heterogeneous country and therefore the current study has a special focus on the spatial distribution of poverty in the country. It is found that multidimensional poverty is mainly concentrated in Southeastern and Eastern Anatolia. Although multidimensional poverty fell in all regions without exception from 2014 to 2022, the regions with the highest poverty did not change in this period. Afterwards, a comprehensive descriptive analysis is provided including many scatter plots for regional MPIs and regional macroeconomic and social indicators to clarify the association between regional poverty and regional conditions.

Keywords

poverty measurement, multidimensional poverty, regional poverty, regional development

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