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KONUŞULAMAYANI KONUŞMAK: EFL KONUŞMA DERSLERİNDE TABU NİTELİKLİ KONULARIN KULLANILMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 79 - 110, 14.01.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin, Türkiye Toplumu'nda genellikle tabu olarak görülen eşcinsellik ve evlilik öncesi cinsel ilişki konularının İngilizce konuşma derslerinde tartışma konusu olarak kullanılmasına karşı takındıkları tavrı incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu tür tabu nitelikli konuların, İngilizce konuşma derslerindeki motive edici yönünü araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın başka bir amacı da, öğrencilerin, eşcinsellik ve evlilik öncesi cinsel ilişki ile ilgili bir ders esnasında kullanılan materyal ve aktivitelere gösterecekleri tepkiyi saptamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, katılımcılara uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında anketler verilmiştir. Araştırmayakatılan öğrencilere,  bu konular üzerinde sınıf ortamında yürütülen tartışmaları ve bu tartışmalar sırasında kullanılan materyal ve aktiviteleri ne ölçüde rahatsız  edici bulduklarına dair sorular yöneltilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu tür konuları genelde tabu  olarak algılayıp algılamadıkları da sorulmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular göstermiştir ki, öğrenciler, bu tartışma  konularını ve bu konularla bağlantılı materyal ve aktiviteleri sınıf ortamında görmekten rahatsızlık duymamakla birlikte, bu tür konular  üzerindeki tartışmalar sırasında hem eğlenmekte hem de öğrenmektedirler. İlgili anket sorularına verilen yanıtların istatistiksel analiz sonuçları göstermiştir ki, öğrencilerin sınıf ortamında tabu niteliketi konuların kullanılmasına karşı tutumları genel itibariyle oldukça olumlu yöndedir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: tabu, EFL, konuşma dersi, eşcinsellik, evlilik öncesi cinsel ilişki, zina

References

  • Aleksandrowicz-Pedich, L., Draghicescu, J., Issaiass, D., & Šabec, N. (2003). The views of teachers of English and French on intercultural communicative competence in language teaching. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 7-37). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Atkinson, D. (1998). Comments on Dwight Atkinson’s “A Critical Approach to Critical Thinking in TESOL”: The author responds. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 133-137
  • Banville, S. (2005). Creating ESL/EFL lessons based on news and current events. The Internet TESL Journal, 11(9). Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Banville-News/
  • Benesch, S. (1999). Thinking critically, thinking dialogically. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 573-580
  • Bronner, S. (2002). Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics [Review of the book Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controver- sial topics]. The Language Teacher, 26 (5). Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/reviews/ show_br.php?id=10
  • Brookfield, S. D. (1987). Developing critical thinkers: Challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers
  • Cunningham Florez, M. A., & Burt, M. (2001, October). Beginning to work with adult English language learners: Some considerations. ERIC Q. & A. Washington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education.
  • Dalby, T. (2007).Using taboos to bring cultural issues into the classroom. Retrieved February 12, 2008, from http://timoteacher.googlepages.com/usingtaboostobringculturalissu esintothec
  • De Vincenti, G., Giovanangeli, A., & Ward, R. (2007). The queer stopover: How queer travels in the language classroom. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 4(1), 58–72.
  • Deckert, G. (1996, March). Ethical considerations in addressing values in the ESL classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. Chicago, IL.
  • Dellar, H. (2006). Taboo or not taboo? That’s in the question . Retrieved January 27, 2008,fromhttp://www.centercom.ru/user_files/1153/File/Taboo %20or %2 0not%20taboo.doc
  • Ellis, R. (1998) Discourse control and the acquisition-rich classroom. In Renandya, W., and Jacobs, G. (eds.) Learners and language learning. Anthology series 39. Singapore: RELC.
  • Engle, S., & Ochoa, A. (1988). Education for democratic citizenship: Decision making in the social studies. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Evans, R. W. & Saxe, D. W. (1996). Handbook on teaching social issues. Washington, D. C.: National Council for the Social Studies.
  • Evans, R.W., Avery, P. G., & Pederson, P. V. (2000). Taboo topics: Cultural restraint on teaching social issues. The Clearing House, 73(5), 295-302.
  • Finocchiaro, M. (1971). Myth and reality in TESOL: A plea for a broader view. TESOL Quarterly, 5(1), 3-17.
  • Gee, J. (1994). Orality and Literacy: From the savage mind to ways with words. In J. Maybin (Ed.), Language and Literacy in Social Practice (pp. 168-192). UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Grady, K. (1997). Critically reading an ESL text. TESOL Journal, 6 (4), 7-10.
  • Harris, C. L., Ayçiçegi, A., & Gleason, J. B. (2003). Taboo words and reprimands elicit greater autonomic reactivity in a first language than in a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 561–579.
  • Harrison, M. E. (2007). The Closet in the Classroom: Re-positioning queer identity as a ‘non-issue’ in TESOL instruction. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://doctormarlen.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/the-closet- in-the-classroom.doc
  • Hartmann, D., & Faulkner, M. (2002). “To boldly go...”: Taboos in German as a foreign language ... and beyond. GFL Journal, 1, 127-159. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.gfl-journal.de/1- 2002/pr_hartmann_faulkner.html.
  • Henze, R., Lucas, T., & Scott, B. (1998). Dancing with the monster: Teachers discuss racism, power and white privilege in education. The Urban Review, 30(3), 187-210.
  • Hoy, A. K. (1977). Controversial English lessons and the law. The English Journal, 66(2), 21-25.
  • Johnson, K.E. (1995). Understanding Communication in Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kappra, R. (1998). Addressing heterosexism in the IEP classroom. TESOL Matters. Retrieved February 5th 2008 from www.geocities.com/Tokyo/8771/iep.html
  • Kaye, P. (2006). Taboo in the classroom. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/methodology/taboo.shtml
  • Khuwaileh, A .A. (2000). Cultural barriers of language teaching: A case study of classroom cultural obstacles. CALL, 13(30), 281-290.
  • Lázár, I. (2003). Introducing Mirrors and windows: An intercultural communication textbook. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 69- 107). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Leather, S. (2003). Taboos and issues [Review of the book Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics]. ELT Journal 57, 205- 206.
  • Lee, R.M. (1993). Doing research on sensitive topics. London: Sage Publications.
  • Levine, M. G. (1986). The subject is taboo. MLN, 101(5), 977-1002
  • MacAndrew, R., & Martinez, R. (2001) Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics. London: Language Teaching Publications.
  • Maxwell, B., & Reichenbach, R. (2005). Imitation, imagination and re- appraisal: Educating the moral emo-tions. Journal of Moral Education, 34 (3), 291-307.
  • Murphey, T., Sato, K., & Chen, Hsin-Hwa. (2001). Fractals of educational change: Open communication and risk taking. PAC 3 at JALT 2001 Proceedings, 19-24.
  • Nelson, C. (1999). Sexual identities in ESL: Queer theory and classroom inquiry. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 371–391.
  • Okazaki, T. (2005). Critical consciousness and critical language teaching. Second Language Studies, 23(2), 174-202.
  • Orr, M. (2006). What is a scientific world view, and how does it bear on the interplay of science and religion?. Zygon, 41(2), 435-444.
  • Pennycook, A. (1997). Vulgar pragmatism, critical pragmatism, and EAP. English for Specific Purposes, 16, 253–269.
  • Pennycook, A. (1999). Introduction: Critical approaches to TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 329-348.
  • Pulverness, A. (2004). Here and there: issues in materials development for intercultural learning, a paper given at the Culture in ELT Seminar - Intercultural Materials in the Classroom and on theWeb, organised by the British Council at Kraków, Poland, 23-25 January, 2004. (http://elt.britcoun.org.pl/forum/handt.htm)
  • Richards, J. C. (2006) Materials development and research – making the connection. RELC Journal, 37 (4), 5-26.
  • Rinvolucri, M. (1999). The UK, EFLese sub-culture and dialect. Folio, 5(2), 12-14.
  • Sadker M., Sadker, D., & Shakeshaft, C. (1987). Sex, sexism and the preparation of educators. Peabody Journal of Education, 64, 213-214.
  • Senior, R. (2007). Discussing controversial topics. English Teaching Professional, 50. http://www.etprofessional.com /content/view/988/48/
  • Retrieved January 27, 2008, from
  • Skopinskaja, L. (2003). The role of culture in foreign language teaching materials: An evaluation from an intercultural perspective. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 39-58). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Slimani, A. (1989). The role of topicalization in classroom language learning. In System 17: 223-34.
  • Small, J. (2003). The potential of language education: A global issues perspective .The Language Teacher Online, 27(3). Retrieved February 12, 2008, from http://www.jalt- publications.org/tlt/articles/2003/03/small
  • Sommers, K. (2007). Ways of reading: Politics in the classroom. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://blog.lib.umn.edu/wardx278/1300/2007/10/politics_in_the_classroom .html Specific Purposes, 16, 253–269.
  • Tetlock, P. E. (2003). Thinking the unthinkable: Sacred values and taboo cognitions. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 7(7), 320-324.
  • Thanasoulas, D. (2001). The importance of teaching culture in the foreign language classroom. Racial Pedagogy, 3(3), 1-24. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue3_3/7- thanasoulas.html
  • Thornbury, S. (1999). ‘Window-dressing vs. cross-dressing in the EFL sub- culture’. Folio Vol. 5/2: 15–17.
  • Thornbury, S. (2002). Why coursebooks - in dictating the topic agenda - are counterproductive. Retrieved January 27, 2008 from http://refos1.dasan.de/refo5/ReFo-2006/Materialien-2006/03-2006- Materialien/Dogma%20Alt%20coursebook.pdf
  • Tshelska, M. (2006). Teaching politically correct language. English Teaching Forum, 1, 20-32.
  • Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vrbová, L. (2006). Developing cultural awareness in ELT. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Pardubice, Pardubice.
  • Whiley, P. (2006). What value "social values" in the ELT classroom? IATEFL Newsletter, 28. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.iatefl.org.pl/index.php?id=newsletter&issue=28&article=15
  • THE QUESTIONNAIRE GIVEN BEFORE THE DISCUSSIONS Dear Learner,
  • This questionnaire aims to collect data about your reactions to the use of
  • taboo/sensitive topics in your speaking/oral communications classes. I rely on
  • your honest answers, opinions and ideas to better understand how to improve
  • the learning and teaching environment in your speaking/communication
  • classes. Thanks for your help.
  • PART I: Please answer the following questions about yourself.
  • Nickname: ……………………………………….. Gender: [ ] Male [ ] Female
  • Your hometown is in: Anatolia
  • Western Anatolia [ ] Central
  • Eastern Anatolia
  • Other_________________ (please state)
Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 79 - 110, 14.01.2013

Abstract

References

  • Aleksandrowicz-Pedich, L., Draghicescu, J., Issaiass, D., & Šabec, N. (2003). The views of teachers of English and French on intercultural communicative competence in language teaching. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 7-37). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Atkinson, D. (1998). Comments on Dwight Atkinson’s “A Critical Approach to Critical Thinking in TESOL”: The author responds. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 133-137
  • Banville, S. (2005). Creating ESL/EFL lessons based on news and current events. The Internet TESL Journal, 11(9). Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Banville-News/
  • Benesch, S. (1999). Thinking critically, thinking dialogically. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 573-580
  • Bronner, S. (2002). Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics [Review of the book Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controver- sial topics]. The Language Teacher, 26 (5). Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/reviews/ show_br.php?id=10
  • Brookfield, S. D. (1987). Developing critical thinkers: Challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers
  • Cunningham Florez, M. A., & Burt, M. (2001, October). Beginning to work with adult English language learners: Some considerations. ERIC Q. & A. Washington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education.
  • Dalby, T. (2007).Using taboos to bring cultural issues into the classroom. Retrieved February 12, 2008, from http://timoteacher.googlepages.com/usingtaboostobringculturalissu esintothec
  • De Vincenti, G., Giovanangeli, A., & Ward, R. (2007). The queer stopover: How queer travels in the language classroom. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 4(1), 58–72.
  • Deckert, G. (1996, March). Ethical considerations in addressing values in the ESL classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. Chicago, IL.
  • Dellar, H. (2006). Taboo or not taboo? That’s in the question . Retrieved January 27, 2008,fromhttp://www.centercom.ru/user_files/1153/File/Taboo %20or %2 0not%20taboo.doc
  • Ellis, R. (1998) Discourse control and the acquisition-rich classroom. In Renandya, W., and Jacobs, G. (eds.) Learners and language learning. Anthology series 39. Singapore: RELC.
  • Engle, S., & Ochoa, A. (1988). Education for democratic citizenship: Decision making in the social studies. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Evans, R. W. & Saxe, D. W. (1996). Handbook on teaching social issues. Washington, D. C.: National Council for the Social Studies.
  • Evans, R.W., Avery, P. G., & Pederson, P. V. (2000). Taboo topics: Cultural restraint on teaching social issues. The Clearing House, 73(5), 295-302.
  • Finocchiaro, M. (1971). Myth and reality in TESOL: A plea for a broader view. TESOL Quarterly, 5(1), 3-17.
  • Gee, J. (1994). Orality and Literacy: From the savage mind to ways with words. In J. Maybin (Ed.), Language and Literacy in Social Practice (pp. 168-192). UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Grady, K. (1997). Critically reading an ESL text. TESOL Journal, 6 (4), 7-10.
  • Harris, C. L., Ayçiçegi, A., & Gleason, J. B. (2003). Taboo words and reprimands elicit greater autonomic reactivity in a first language than in a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 561–579.
  • Harrison, M. E. (2007). The Closet in the Classroom: Re-positioning queer identity as a ‘non-issue’ in TESOL instruction. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://doctormarlen.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/the-closet- in-the-classroom.doc
  • Hartmann, D., & Faulkner, M. (2002). “To boldly go...”: Taboos in German as a foreign language ... and beyond. GFL Journal, 1, 127-159. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.gfl-journal.de/1- 2002/pr_hartmann_faulkner.html.
  • Henze, R., Lucas, T., & Scott, B. (1998). Dancing with the monster: Teachers discuss racism, power and white privilege in education. The Urban Review, 30(3), 187-210.
  • Hoy, A. K. (1977). Controversial English lessons and the law. The English Journal, 66(2), 21-25.
  • Johnson, K.E. (1995). Understanding Communication in Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kappra, R. (1998). Addressing heterosexism in the IEP classroom. TESOL Matters. Retrieved February 5th 2008 from www.geocities.com/Tokyo/8771/iep.html
  • Kaye, P. (2006). Taboo in the classroom. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/methodology/taboo.shtml
  • Khuwaileh, A .A. (2000). Cultural barriers of language teaching: A case study of classroom cultural obstacles. CALL, 13(30), 281-290.
  • Lázár, I. (2003). Introducing Mirrors and windows: An intercultural communication textbook. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 69- 107). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Leather, S. (2003). Taboos and issues [Review of the book Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics]. ELT Journal 57, 205- 206.
  • Lee, R.M. (1993). Doing research on sensitive topics. London: Sage Publications.
  • Levine, M. G. (1986). The subject is taboo. MLN, 101(5), 977-1002
  • MacAndrew, R., & Martinez, R. (2001) Taboos and issues: Photocopiable lessons on controversial topics. London: Language Teaching Publications.
  • Maxwell, B., & Reichenbach, R. (2005). Imitation, imagination and re- appraisal: Educating the moral emo-tions. Journal of Moral Education, 34 (3), 291-307.
  • Murphey, T., Sato, K., & Chen, Hsin-Hwa. (2001). Fractals of educational change: Open communication and risk taking. PAC 3 at JALT 2001 Proceedings, 19-24.
  • Nelson, C. (1999). Sexual identities in ESL: Queer theory and classroom inquiry. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 371–391.
  • Okazaki, T. (2005). Critical consciousness and critical language teaching. Second Language Studies, 23(2), 174-202.
  • Orr, M. (2006). What is a scientific world view, and how does it bear on the interplay of science and religion?. Zygon, 41(2), 435-444.
  • Pennycook, A. (1997). Vulgar pragmatism, critical pragmatism, and EAP. English for Specific Purposes, 16, 253–269.
  • Pennycook, A. (1999). Introduction: Critical approaches to TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 329-348.
  • Pulverness, A. (2004). Here and there: issues in materials development for intercultural learning, a paper given at the Culture in ELT Seminar - Intercultural Materials in the Classroom and on theWeb, organised by the British Council at Kraków, Poland, 23-25 January, 2004. (http://elt.britcoun.org.pl/forum/handt.htm)
  • Richards, J. C. (2006) Materials development and research – making the connection. RELC Journal, 37 (4), 5-26.
  • Rinvolucri, M. (1999). The UK, EFLese sub-culture and dialect. Folio, 5(2), 12-14.
  • Sadker M., Sadker, D., & Shakeshaft, C. (1987). Sex, sexism and the preparation of educators. Peabody Journal of Education, 64, 213-214.
  • Senior, R. (2007). Discussing controversial topics. English Teaching Professional, 50. http://www.etprofessional.com /content/view/988/48/
  • Retrieved January 27, 2008, from
  • Skopinskaja, L. (2003). The role of culture in foreign language teaching materials: An evaluation from an intercultural perspective. In I. Lázár (Ed.), Incorporating Intercultural Communicative Competence in Language Teacher Education (pp. 39-58). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Slimani, A. (1989). The role of topicalization in classroom language learning. In System 17: 223-34.
  • Small, J. (2003). The potential of language education: A global issues perspective .The Language Teacher Online, 27(3). Retrieved February 12, 2008, from http://www.jalt- publications.org/tlt/articles/2003/03/small
  • Sommers, K. (2007). Ways of reading: Politics in the classroom. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://blog.lib.umn.edu/wardx278/1300/2007/10/politics_in_the_classroom .html Specific Purposes, 16, 253–269.
  • Tetlock, P. E. (2003). Thinking the unthinkable: Sacred values and taboo cognitions. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 7(7), 320-324.
  • Thanasoulas, D. (2001). The importance of teaching culture in the foreign language classroom. Racial Pedagogy, 3(3), 1-24. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue3_3/7- thanasoulas.html
  • Thornbury, S. (1999). ‘Window-dressing vs. cross-dressing in the EFL sub- culture’. Folio Vol. 5/2: 15–17.
  • Thornbury, S. (2002). Why coursebooks - in dictating the topic agenda - are counterproductive. Retrieved January 27, 2008 from http://refos1.dasan.de/refo5/ReFo-2006/Materialien-2006/03-2006- Materialien/Dogma%20Alt%20coursebook.pdf
  • Tshelska, M. (2006). Teaching politically correct language. English Teaching Forum, 1, 20-32.
  • Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vrbová, L. (2006). Developing cultural awareness in ELT. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Pardubice, Pardubice.
  • Whiley, P. (2006). What value "social values" in the ELT classroom? IATEFL Newsletter, 28. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.iatefl.org.pl/index.php?id=newsletter&issue=28&article=15
  • THE QUESTIONNAIRE GIVEN BEFORE THE DISCUSSIONS Dear Learner,
  • This questionnaire aims to collect data about your reactions to the use of
  • taboo/sensitive topics in your speaking/oral communications classes. I rely on
  • your honest answers, opinions and ideas to better understand how to improve
  • the learning and teaching environment in your speaking/communication
  • classes. Thanks for your help.
  • PART I: Please answer the following questions about yourself.
  • Nickname: ……………………………………….. Gender: [ ] Male [ ] Female
  • Your hometown is in: Anatolia
  • Western Anatolia [ ] Central
  • Eastern Anatolia
  • Other_________________ (please state)
There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mustafa Tekin

Publication Date January 14, 2013
Submission Date December 14, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tekin, M. (2013). KONUŞULAMAYANI KONUŞMAK: EFL KONUŞMA DERSLERİNDE TABU NİTELİKLİ KONULARIN KULLANILMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 7(1), 79-110.