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ÖĞRENCİLERİN DURUMLUK VE GENEL UMUT DÜZEYLERİNİ BELİRLERKEN CİNSİYET, ALGILANAN EBEVEYNLİK STİLİ VE YALNIZLIĞIN YORDAYICI GÜCÜ

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 347 - 363, 14.01.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın genel amacı öğrencilerin durumluk ve genel umut düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde a) cinsiyetin, b) anne ve babanın algılanan ebeveynlik stilinin ve c) yalnızlığın yordayıcılığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya Ankara Üniversitesinde okumakta olan 302 (173 kadın, 129 erkek) öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılara UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği, Genel Umut Ölçeği ve Durumluk Umut Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Çoklu regresyon analizleri sonucunda annenin algılanan izin verici/şımartan ebeveynlik stili, otoriter ebeveynlik stili ve açıklayıcı/otoriter ebeveynlik stilinin yalnızlığı yordadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, annenin “izin verici/şımartan”, “otoriter” ve “açıklayıcı/otoriter” ebeveynlik stilleri yalnızlık ile durumluk ve genel umut düzeyini yordamaktadır. Babanın algılanan ebeveynlik stili ise hem yalnızlığı hem de durumluk ve genel umut düzeylerini yordamamaktadır.

References

  • Akman, Y. ve Korkut, F. (1993). Umut ölçeği üzerine bir çalışma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi , 9,193-202
  • Ang, R. P. & Goh, D. H. (2006). Authoritarian parenting style in Asian societies: A cluster- analytic investigation. Contemporary Family Therapy, 28(1), 131-149.
  • Atik, G., & Erkan, Z. (2009, September). Academic self-efficacy and problem solving as predictors of hope levels of Turkish high school students. Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research, Vienna, Austria.
  • Atik, G., Çayırdağ, N., Demirli, A., Kayacan, N., & Çapa Aydın, Y. (2008, October). Hope and perceived support as predictors of academic self- efficacy among graduate students. Poster session presented at the 11
  • International Conference Further Education in the Balkan Countries, Konya, Turkey.
  • th Babyak, M. A., Snyder, C. R., & Yoshinobu, L. (1993). Psychometric properties of the Hope Scale: A confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 27, 154-169.
  • Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, m. A., Mani, M. M.,& Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and social support in the psychological adjustment of pediatric burn survivors and matched controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15-30
  • Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887-907.
  • Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43- 88.
  • Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56- 95.
  • Brage, D., Meredith, W., & Woodward, J. (1994). A causal of adolescent depression. Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary & Applied, 128(4), 455- 469.
  • Buchholz, E. S. & Catton, R. (1999). Adolescents' perceptions of aloneness and loneliness. Adolescence, 34, 203–213.
  • Chang, E. C. (1998). Hope, problem-solving ability, and coping in a college student population: Some implications for theory and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 953-962.
  • Chang, E. C. & DeSimone, S. L. (2001).the influence of hope on appraisals, coping, and dysphoria: A test of hope theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychological, 54, 953-962.
  • Chelune, G. J., Sultan, F. E., & Williams. C. L. (1980). Loneliness, self- disclosure, and interpersonal effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(5), 462- 468.
  • Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope and depression: light through the shadows. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 321- 340) San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Collins, K. & Bell, R. (1997). Personality and aggression: the dissipation- rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 751- 755. Curry, L. A., Snyder, C. R., Cook, D. L., Ruby, B. C., & Rehm, M. (1997). The role of hope in student-athlete academic and sport achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1257-1267.
  • Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates. Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, ERİC Digest ED-PS-99- 3.
  • Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting styles context: an integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
  • deMinzi, R. M. C. (2006). Loneliness and depression in middle and late childhood: The relationship to attachment and parental styles. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167(2), 189- 210.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. [Reliability and validity of UCLA Loneliness Scale] Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(22), 1- 6.
  • Denizli, S. (2004). The role of hope and study skills in predicting test-anxiety levels of university students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dominiquez, M. M. & Carton, J. S. (1997). The relationship between self- actualization and parenting style. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 1093-1100.
  • Elliot, T. R., Witty, T. E., Herrick, S., & Hoffman, J. T. (1991). Negotiating reality after psychological loss: Hope, depression, and disability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 608-613.
  • Heaven, P. & Ciarrochi, J. (2008)..Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem. European Journal of Personality, 22, 707-724. Horowitz, L. M., French, R. S., & Anderson, C. A. (1982). The Prototype of a lonely person. In Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (Eds.). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, pp. 183-205, New York: Wiley- Interscience.
  • Jackson, T. (2007). Protective self-presentation, sources of socialization, and loneliness among Australian adolescents and young adults. Personality and Individual Differences 43 (6), 1552-1562.
  • Jackson, J., & Cochran, S. D. (1990). Loneliness and psychological distress. The Journal of Psychology, 125, 257-262.
  • Jackson, L. M., Pratt, M. W. Hunsberger, B., Pancer, S. M. (2005). Optimism as a Mediator of the Relation Between Perceived Parental Authoritativeness and Adjustment Among Adolescents: Finding the Sunny Side of the Street. Social Development, 14 (2), 273-304.
  • Jones, W. H., Freemon, J. E., & Goswick, R. A. (1981). The persistence of loneliness: Self and other determinants. Journal of Personality, 49, 27-48.
  • Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1987). Loneliness and social support. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2 (2), 145–156.
  • Jones, W. H., Sansone, C., & Helm, B. (1983). Loneliness and interpersonal judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 437- 441.
  • Kalliopuska, M. & Laitinen, M. (1991). Testing loneliness on differential loneliness scale. Psychological Reports, 69, 27-34.
  • Kaplan, A. G. & Bean, J. P. (1976). Beyond sex-role stereotypes: Reaching towards a psychology of androgyny. Boston: Little Brown.
  • Kemer, G. (2006). The role of self-efficacy, hope, and anxiety in predicting university entrance examination scores of 11th grade students. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kim, H. & Chung, R. H. (2003). Relationship of recalled parenting style of self-perception in Korean American collage students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164(4), 481-492.
  • Kwon, P. (2002). Hope, defense mechanisms, and adjustment: Implications for false hope defensive hopelessness. Journal of Personality, 70, 207-231. Lekander, B. J. (2000). The relationship of coping, hope, loneliness and spiritual perspective in adult caregivers of hospitalized adults. University of Minnesota. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. USA.
  • Leman, P. J. (2005). Authority and moral reasons: Parenting style and children’s perceptions of adult rule justifications. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(4), 265-270.
  • Magaletta, P. R., & Oliver, J. M. (1999). The hope construct, will and ways: their relative with self-efficacy, optimism, and general well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 539-551.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Daley, C. E. (1999). Relation of hope to self- perception. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 88, 535-540.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984). Loneliness research: A survey of empirical findings. In Peplau, L. A., Goldston, S. E. (Eds.). Preventing the Harmful Consequences of Severe and Persistent Loneliness, 13- 47. Rockville Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.
  • Petiet, C. A. (1983). Hope: The major predictor of positive resolution after marital loss. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (91st, Anaheim, CA, August 26- 30, 1983) ERİC: ED246323.
  • Ruchkin, V. V., Eisemann, M., & Hagglöf, B. (1999). Hopelessness, loneliness, self-esteem, and personality in Russian male delinquent adolescents versus controls. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(4), 466- 477.
  • Russell, D., Cutrona, C. E., Rose, J., & Yurko, K. (1984). Social and emotional loneliness: An examination of Weiss’s typology of loneliness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472- 480.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472- 480.
  • Santrock, J. (1994). Child Development, (6th ed.). Medicine: Brown & Bandmark.
  • Seginer, Rachel & Lilach, E. (2004). How adolescents construct their future: the effect of loneliness on future orientation. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 625–643.
  • Seligman, M.E. P. & Csikzentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Sheldon, K. M. & King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56, 216- 217.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Kevin, L. R., Hockemeyer, J. R.,& Feldman, D. B. (2002). Somewhere over the rainbow: Hope theory weathers its first decade. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 322-331.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., & Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Psychological and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 685-715.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Free Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 355-360.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1996). To hope, to lose, and hope again. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 1, 3-16.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1999). Hope, goal blocking thoughts, and test- related anxieties. Psychological Reports, 84, 206- 208.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C.R., Sypson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A. & Higgens, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 70 (2), 321-335.
  • Snyder, C. R., Cheavens, J., Sympson, S. C. (1997). Hope: An individual motive for social commerce. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 107-118.
  • Snyder, C. R., Feldman, D. B., Taylor, J. D., Schroeder, L. L., & Adams, V., III. (2000). The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 15, 262-295.
  • Snyder, C. R., Lapointe, A. B., Crowson Jr., J. J., & Early, S. (1998). Preferences of high- and low-hope people for self-referential input. Cognition & Emotion, 12, 807-823.
  • Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigman, S. T. et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
  • Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., Danovsky, M. et al. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 399-421.
  • Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 312- 335.
  • Sümer, N. & Güngör, D. (1999). The impact of perceived parenting styles on attachment styles. (Çocuk yetiştirme stillerinin bağlanma stilleri, benlik değerlendirmeleri ve yakın ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi) Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 14(44), 61- 62.
  • Stanson, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Cameron, C., Bishop, M., Collins, C. A., Kirk, S. B., et al. (2000). Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 875-882.
  • Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., Zakalik, R. A. (2005) Adult Attachment, Shame, Depression, and Loneliness: The Mediation Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 52(4), 591-601.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebne, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 393-406.
Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 347 - 363, 14.01.2013

Abstract

References

  • Akman, Y. ve Korkut, F. (1993). Umut ölçeği üzerine bir çalışma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi , 9,193-202
  • Ang, R. P. & Goh, D. H. (2006). Authoritarian parenting style in Asian societies: A cluster- analytic investigation. Contemporary Family Therapy, 28(1), 131-149.
  • Atik, G., & Erkan, Z. (2009, September). Academic self-efficacy and problem solving as predictors of hope levels of Turkish high school students. Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research, Vienna, Austria.
  • Atik, G., Çayırdağ, N., Demirli, A., Kayacan, N., & Çapa Aydın, Y. (2008, October). Hope and perceived support as predictors of academic self- efficacy among graduate students. Poster session presented at the 11
  • International Conference Further Education in the Balkan Countries, Konya, Turkey.
  • th Babyak, M. A., Snyder, C. R., & Yoshinobu, L. (1993). Psychometric properties of the Hope Scale: A confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 27, 154-169.
  • Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, m. A., Mani, M. M.,& Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and social support in the psychological adjustment of pediatric burn survivors and matched controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15-30
  • Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887-907.
  • Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43- 88.
  • Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56- 95.
  • Brage, D., Meredith, W., & Woodward, J. (1994). A causal of adolescent depression. Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary & Applied, 128(4), 455- 469.
  • Buchholz, E. S. & Catton, R. (1999). Adolescents' perceptions of aloneness and loneliness. Adolescence, 34, 203–213.
  • Chang, E. C. (1998). Hope, problem-solving ability, and coping in a college student population: Some implications for theory and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 953-962.
  • Chang, E. C. & DeSimone, S. L. (2001).the influence of hope on appraisals, coping, and dysphoria: A test of hope theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychological, 54, 953-962.
  • Chelune, G. J., Sultan, F. E., & Williams. C. L. (1980). Loneliness, self- disclosure, and interpersonal effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(5), 462- 468.
  • Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope and depression: light through the shadows. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 321- 340) San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Collins, K. & Bell, R. (1997). Personality and aggression: the dissipation- rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 751- 755. Curry, L. A., Snyder, C. R., Cook, D. L., Ruby, B. C., & Rehm, M. (1997). The role of hope in student-athlete academic and sport achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1257-1267.
  • Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates. Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, ERİC Digest ED-PS-99- 3.
  • Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting styles context: an integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
  • deMinzi, R. M. C. (2006). Loneliness and depression in middle and late childhood: The relationship to attachment and parental styles. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167(2), 189- 210.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. [Reliability and validity of UCLA Loneliness Scale] Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(22), 1- 6.
  • Denizli, S. (2004). The role of hope and study skills in predicting test-anxiety levels of university students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dominiquez, M. M. & Carton, J. S. (1997). The relationship between self- actualization and parenting style. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 1093-1100.
  • Elliot, T. R., Witty, T. E., Herrick, S., & Hoffman, J. T. (1991). Negotiating reality after psychological loss: Hope, depression, and disability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 608-613.
  • Heaven, P. & Ciarrochi, J. (2008)..Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem. European Journal of Personality, 22, 707-724. Horowitz, L. M., French, R. S., & Anderson, C. A. (1982). The Prototype of a lonely person. In Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (Eds.). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, pp. 183-205, New York: Wiley- Interscience.
  • Jackson, T. (2007). Protective self-presentation, sources of socialization, and loneliness among Australian adolescents and young adults. Personality and Individual Differences 43 (6), 1552-1562.
  • Jackson, J., & Cochran, S. D. (1990). Loneliness and psychological distress. The Journal of Psychology, 125, 257-262.
  • Jackson, L. M., Pratt, M. W. Hunsberger, B., Pancer, S. M. (2005). Optimism as a Mediator of the Relation Between Perceived Parental Authoritativeness and Adjustment Among Adolescents: Finding the Sunny Side of the Street. Social Development, 14 (2), 273-304.
  • Jones, W. H., Freemon, J. E., & Goswick, R. A. (1981). The persistence of loneliness: Self and other determinants. Journal of Personality, 49, 27-48.
  • Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1987). Loneliness and social support. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2 (2), 145–156.
  • Jones, W. H., Sansone, C., & Helm, B. (1983). Loneliness and interpersonal judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 437- 441.
  • Kalliopuska, M. & Laitinen, M. (1991). Testing loneliness on differential loneliness scale. Psychological Reports, 69, 27-34.
  • Kaplan, A. G. & Bean, J. P. (1976). Beyond sex-role stereotypes: Reaching towards a psychology of androgyny. Boston: Little Brown.
  • Kemer, G. (2006). The role of self-efficacy, hope, and anxiety in predicting university entrance examination scores of 11th grade students. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kim, H. & Chung, R. H. (2003). Relationship of recalled parenting style of self-perception in Korean American collage students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164(4), 481-492.
  • Kwon, P. (2002). Hope, defense mechanisms, and adjustment: Implications for false hope defensive hopelessness. Journal of Personality, 70, 207-231. Lekander, B. J. (2000). The relationship of coping, hope, loneliness and spiritual perspective in adult caregivers of hospitalized adults. University of Minnesota. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. USA.
  • Leman, P. J. (2005). Authority and moral reasons: Parenting style and children’s perceptions of adult rule justifications. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(4), 265-270.
  • Magaletta, P. R., & Oliver, J. M. (1999). The hope construct, will and ways: their relative with self-efficacy, optimism, and general well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 539-551.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Daley, C. E. (1999). Relation of hope to self- perception. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 88, 535-540.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984). Loneliness research: A survey of empirical findings. In Peplau, L. A., Goldston, S. E. (Eds.). Preventing the Harmful Consequences of Severe and Persistent Loneliness, 13- 47. Rockville Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.
  • Petiet, C. A. (1983). Hope: The major predictor of positive resolution after marital loss. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (91st, Anaheim, CA, August 26- 30, 1983) ERİC: ED246323.
  • Ruchkin, V. V., Eisemann, M., & Hagglöf, B. (1999). Hopelessness, loneliness, self-esteem, and personality in Russian male delinquent adolescents versus controls. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(4), 466- 477.
  • Russell, D., Cutrona, C. E., Rose, J., & Yurko, K. (1984). Social and emotional loneliness: An examination of Weiss’s typology of loneliness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472- 480.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472- 480.
  • Santrock, J. (1994). Child Development, (6th ed.). Medicine: Brown & Bandmark.
  • Seginer, Rachel & Lilach, E. (2004). How adolescents construct their future: the effect of loneliness on future orientation. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 625–643.
  • Seligman, M.E. P. & Csikzentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Sheldon, K. M. & King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56, 216- 217.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Kevin, L. R., Hockemeyer, J. R.,& Feldman, D. B. (2002). Somewhere over the rainbow: Hope theory weathers its first decade. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 322-331.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., & Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Psychological and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 685-715.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Free Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 355-360.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1996). To hope, to lose, and hope again. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 1, 3-16.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1999). Hope, goal blocking thoughts, and test- related anxieties. Psychological Reports, 84, 206- 208.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C.R., Sypson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A. & Higgens, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 70 (2), 321-335.
  • Snyder, C. R., Cheavens, J., Sympson, S. C. (1997). Hope: An individual motive for social commerce. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 107-118.
  • Snyder, C. R., Feldman, D. B., Taylor, J. D., Schroeder, L. L., & Adams, V., III. (2000). The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 15, 262-295.
  • Snyder, C. R., Lapointe, A. B., Crowson Jr., J. J., & Early, S. (1998). Preferences of high- and low-hope people for self-referential input. Cognition & Emotion, 12, 807-823.
  • Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigman, S. T. et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
  • Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., Danovsky, M. et al. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 399-421.
  • Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 312- 335.
  • Sümer, N. & Güngör, D. (1999). The impact of perceived parenting styles on attachment styles. (Çocuk yetiştirme stillerinin bağlanma stilleri, benlik değerlendirmeleri ve yakın ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi) Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 14(44), 61- 62.
  • Stanson, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Cameron, C., Bishop, M., Collins, C. A., Kirk, S. B., et al. (2000). Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 875-882.
  • Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., Zakalik, R. A. (2005) Adult Attachment, Shame, Depression, and Loneliness: The Mediation Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 52(4), 591-601.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebne, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 393-406.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mustafa Türkmen This is me

Aylin Demirli

Publication Date January 14, 2013
Submission Date December 15, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkmen, M., & Demirli, A. (2013). ÖĞRENCİLERİN DURUMLUK VE GENEL UMUT DÜZEYLERİNİ BELİRLERKEN CİNSİYET, ALGILANAN EBEVEYNLİK STİLİ VE YALNIZLIĞIN YORDAYICI GÜCÜ. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 7(2), 347-363.