Abstract
Today, BitTorrent clients are widely used for file-sharing but are heavily dependent on modern operating systems. Their need for always-on computers increases energy consumption and imposes significant limitations in terms of portability. In addition, it is difficult to locate computers for downloading and sending only, which negatively affects the user experience. As a solution to these problems, a microcontroller-based and real-time operating system (RTOS) compatible torrent client was designed in this study. The small size, low power consumption and portability of the microcontrollers make it possible for the system to run 24/7 and to be environmentally independent. A custom Bencode Parser was developed for parsing torrent files, the SHA-1 algorithm was rewritten to ensure data integrity, and a torrent control block (TCB) structure was created to manage the client. We also successfully implemented peer list retrieval over User Datagram Protocol (UDP) tracers, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-based handshake, bitfield analysis and track request mechanisms. Experimental results show that the developed client works well on both x86 architecture and ESP32 based microcontroller. The parser was able to process torrent files of different sizes without memory leaks, the SHA-1 algorithm was reliably verified, and data transfer between peers was successful. By presenting a low-power and portable torrent client, the paper proposes a flexible and feasible solution for developers interested in similar problems.
References
- [1] Sandvine, The Global Internet Phenomena Report January 2022. Sandvine, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.applogicnetworks.com/phenomena. [Accessed: Nov. 1, 2023].
- [2] BitTorrent Inc., Outstanding Consumer Electronics Partners + 150 Million Users (and Counting). BitTorrent Blog, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.bittorrent.com/blog/2012/01/09/bittorrent-at-ces-outstanding-consumer-electronics-partners-150-million-users-and-counting/. [Accessed: Nov. 7, 2023].
- [3] A. Bellissimo, B. N. Levine, and P. Shenoy, Exploring the Use of BitTorrent as the Basis for a Large Trace Repository, University of Massachusetts, Technical Report 04-41, 2004.
- [4] F. Marozzo, D. Talia, and P. Trunfio, “A Sleep-and-Wake Technique for Reducing Energy Consumption in BitTorrent Networks,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 32, no. 14, e5723, 2020.
- [5] G. Anastasi, I. Giannetti, and A. Passarella, “A BitTorrent proxy for green Internet file sharing: Design and experimental evaluation,” Computer Communications, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 794–802, 2010.
- [6] G. Anastasi, M. Conti, I. Giannetti, and A. Passarella, “Design and evaluation of a BitTorrent proxy for energy saving,” in Proc. IEEE Symp. Computers and Communications (ISCC), Jul. 2009, pp. 116–121.
- [7] S. Cebeci, O. Ozkasap, and G. Anastasi, “Large scale analysis of BitTorrent proxy for green Internet file sharing,” in Proc. European Conf. Energy Efficiency in Large Scale Distributed Systems (EE-LSDS), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Apr. 2013, pp. 264–270.
- [8] I. Kelényi, J. K. Nurminen, Á. Ludányi, and T. Lukovszki, “Modeling resource constrained BitTorrent proxies for energy efficient mobile content sharing,” Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163–177, 2012.
- [9] M. Forshaw and N. Thomas, “A novel approach to energy efficient content distribution with BitTorrent,” in Proc. European Workshop on Performance Engineering (EWPE), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Jul. 2012, pp. 188–196.
- [10] H. Ceylan, G. Demir, and Z. Elri, “Internet speed issue of Turkey,” International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121–132, 2021.
- [11] H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, “The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance,” in Proc. 3rd Annu. ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), Sep. 1997, pp. 77–89.
- [12] D. Eastlake 3rd and P. Jones, US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1), RFC 3174, Sep. 2001.
- [13] Datatracker, US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1), RFC 3174. [Online]. Available: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3174. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2023].
- [14] Savannah Nongnu, lwIP – A Lightweight TCP/IP Stack – Summary. [Online]. Available: https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2023].
- [15] BitTorrent Inc., The BitTorrent Protocol Specification – BEP 15: UDP Tracker Protocol for BitTorrent. [Online]. Available: https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0015.html. [Accessed: Jan. 3, 2024].
- [16] BitTorrent Inc., The BitTorrent Protocol Specification – BEP 10: Extension Protocol. [Online]. Available: https://web.archive.org/web/20170101142339/http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0010.html. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [17] wiki.theory.org, (s.a.) BitTorrent Specification. [Online]. Available: https://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentSpecification#Messages. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [18] J. Li, Building a BitTorrent Client from the Ground Up in Go. [Online]. Available: https://blog.jse.li/posts/torrent/#bitfields. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [19] Emn178, SHA1- Online Tools. [Online]. Available: https://emn178.github.io/online-tools/sha1.html. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [20] Espressif Systems, "ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 & ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U Datasheet," Espressif Systems, [Online]. Available: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-s3-wroom-1_wroom-1u_datasheet_en.pdf. [Accessed: Sep. 13, 2025].
Rodentia: Düşük Güç Tüketimli ve Taşınabilir Dosya Paylaşımı için Mikrodenetleyici Tabanlı Torrent İstemcisi
Abstract
Günümüzde BitTorrent istemcileri, dosya paylaşımında yaygın olarak kullanılmakta ancak büyük ölçüde modern işletim sistemlerine bağımlı çalışmaktadır. Bu istemcilerin sürekli açık bilgisayarlara ihtiyaç duyması, enerji tüketimini artırmakta ve taşınabilirlik açısından önemli sınırlılıklar getirmektedir. Ayrıca yalnızca indirme ve gönderme amacıyla bilgisayarların konumlandırılması zor olmakta, bu da kullanıcı deneyimini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında bu sorunlara çözüm olarak, mikrodenetleyici tabanlı ve gerçek zamanlı işletim sistemi (RTOS) uyumlu bir torrent istemcisi tasarlanmıştır. Mikrodenetleyicilerin küçük boyutu, düşük güç tüketimi ve taşınabilirliği sayesinde, sistemin 7/24 çalışabilmesi ve ortamdan bağımsız kullanılabilmesi mümkün hale gelmiştir. Çalışmada, torrent dosyalarının ayrıştırılması için özel bir Bencode ayrıştırıcısı geliştirilmiş, veri bütünlüğünün sağlanması amacıyla SHA-1 algoritması yeniden yazılmış ve istemcinin yönetimi için torrent kontrol bloğu (TCB) yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca User Datagram Protocol (UDP) izleyiciler üzerinden eş listesi alınması, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) tabanlı el sıkışma, bitfield analizi ve parça talep mekanizmaları başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, geliştirilen istemcinin hem x86 mimarisi hem de ESP32 tabanlı mikrodenetleyici üzerinde sorunsuz şekilde çalıştığını göstermektedir. Ayrıştırıcı, farklı boyutlardaki torrent dosyalarını bellek sızıntısı olmadan işleyebilmiş; SHA-1 algoritması güvenilir biçimde doğrulama yapmış ve eşler üzerinden veri aktarımı başarıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma, düşük güç tüketimli ve taşınabilir bir torrent istemcisi sunarak benzer problemlerle ilgilenen geliştiriciler için esnek ve uygulanabilir bir çözüm önermektedir.
References
- [1] Sandvine, The Global Internet Phenomena Report January 2022. Sandvine, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.applogicnetworks.com/phenomena. [Accessed: Nov. 1, 2023].
- [2] BitTorrent Inc., Outstanding Consumer Electronics Partners + 150 Million Users (and Counting). BitTorrent Blog, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.bittorrent.com/blog/2012/01/09/bittorrent-at-ces-outstanding-consumer-electronics-partners-150-million-users-and-counting/. [Accessed: Nov. 7, 2023].
- [3] A. Bellissimo, B. N. Levine, and P. Shenoy, Exploring the Use of BitTorrent as the Basis for a Large Trace Repository, University of Massachusetts, Technical Report 04-41, 2004.
- [4] F. Marozzo, D. Talia, and P. Trunfio, “A Sleep-and-Wake Technique for Reducing Energy Consumption in BitTorrent Networks,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 32, no. 14, e5723, 2020.
- [5] G. Anastasi, I. Giannetti, and A. Passarella, “A BitTorrent proxy for green Internet file sharing: Design and experimental evaluation,” Computer Communications, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 794–802, 2010.
- [6] G. Anastasi, M. Conti, I. Giannetti, and A. Passarella, “Design and evaluation of a BitTorrent proxy for energy saving,” in Proc. IEEE Symp. Computers and Communications (ISCC), Jul. 2009, pp. 116–121.
- [7] S. Cebeci, O. Ozkasap, and G. Anastasi, “Large scale analysis of BitTorrent proxy for green Internet file sharing,” in Proc. European Conf. Energy Efficiency in Large Scale Distributed Systems (EE-LSDS), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Apr. 2013, pp. 264–270.
- [8] I. Kelényi, J. K. Nurminen, Á. Ludányi, and T. Lukovszki, “Modeling resource constrained BitTorrent proxies for energy efficient mobile content sharing,” Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163–177, 2012.
- [9] M. Forshaw and N. Thomas, “A novel approach to energy efficient content distribution with BitTorrent,” in Proc. European Workshop on Performance Engineering (EWPE), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Jul. 2012, pp. 188–196.
- [10] H. Ceylan, G. Demir, and Z. Elri, “Internet speed issue of Turkey,” International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121–132, 2021.
- [11] H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, “The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance,” in Proc. 3rd Annu. ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), Sep. 1997, pp. 77–89.
- [12] D. Eastlake 3rd and P. Jones, US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1), RFC 3174, Sep. 2001.
- [13] Datatracker, US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1), RFC 3174. [Online]. Available: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3174. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2023].
- [14] Savannah Nongnu, lwIP – A Lightweight TCP/IP Stack – Summary. [Online]. Available: https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2023].
- [15] BitTorrent Inc., The BitTorrent Protocol Specification – BEP 15: UDP Tracker Protocol for BitTorrent. [Online]. Available: https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0015.html. [Accessed: Jan. 3, 2024].
- [16] BitTorrent Inc., The BitTorrent Protocol Specification – BEP 10: Extension Protocol. [Online]. Available: https://web.archive.org/web/20170101142339/http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0010.html. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [17] wiki.theory.org, (s.a.) BitTorrent Specification. [Online]. Available: https://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentSpecification#Messages. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [18] J. Li, Building a BitTorrent Client from the Ground Up in Go. [Online]. Available: https://blog.jse.li/posts/torrent/#bitfields. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [19] Emn178, SHA1- Online Tools. [Online]. Available: https://emn178.github.io/online-tools/sha1.html. [Accessed: May 24, 2024].
- [20] Espressif Systems, "ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 & ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U Datasheet," Espressif Systems, [Online]. Available: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-s3-wroom-1_wroom-1u_datasheet_en.pdf. [Accessed: Sep. 13, 2025].
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Data Management and Data Science (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | September 23, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 23, 2025 |
| Early Pub Date | December 16, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 16, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 21 Issue: 2 |
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The International Journal "Electronic Letters on Science&Engineering"(e-LSE) reportrs the original research in science and engineering at a high level in electronic form. The scope of e-LSE spans the whole range of science and engineering. The e-LSE includes interdisciplinary topics in a variety of application fields. Electronically published since 2005, e-LSE provides rapid publication of topical research into the integration of science and engineering techniques.
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