RESEARCH OF IMPACTING OF CREDIT CARD USAGE AT DISTRICT LEVEL IN TURKEY
Abstract
This study examines district-level factors affecting Turkish credit card usage. Demographic, education, health, tourism, economy, urbanization, culture, and sports parameters are used to create two spatial econometric models. Geographical data visualizes dependent variables and assesses credit card usage's spatial dependency. The study is the first to use a spatial econometric model on this topic. The model estimator is the Spatial Durbin Model using Buse Adj. R2 and information criteria. The first model shows a negative relationship between physical credit card payments, students per teacher, and mosques per capita. Total physical credit card payments are negatively correlated with per capita electricity consumption, markets, students per teacher, and mosques per capita in the second model. This study highlights the spatial dependence and geographical variation of credit card usage factors and suggests longitudinal research to track changes and investigate causal relationships.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
38127
Thanks
İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Altan, M., & Göktürk, İ. E. (2008). “Türkiye’de Memurların Kredi Kartı Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 39: 110–127.
- Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Springer Science & Business Media. Chien, Y. I. W., & Devaney, S. A. (2001). “The Effects of Credit Attitude and Socioeconomic Factors on Credit Card and Installment Debt”. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1): 162–179.
- Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Leora K., Dorothe S. & Saniya A. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank..
- Forbes. (2021). When Were Credit Cards Invented: The History of Credit Cards – Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/history-of-credit-cards/
- Gan, C. E. C., Cohen, D. A., Hu, B., Tran, M. C., Dong, W., & Wang, A. (2016). “The Relationship between Credit Card Attributes and the Demographic Characteristics of Card Users in China”. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34(7): 966–984.
- Göv, A., & Salihoglu, E. (2020). “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Göstergeler ve Para Arzının Bireysel Kredi Kartı Kullanımına Etkileri”. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 5(1): 50–63.
- Hayhoe, C. R., Leach, L., Turner, P. R., & Mo. (1999). “Discriminating the Number of Credit Cards Held by College Students Using Credit and Money Attitudes”. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20(6): 643–656.
- Hussain, M. Z., & Habib, K. (2020). “The Determinant of Behavioral Factors Which Influence on Credit Card Usages”. The Journal of Educational Paradigms, 2(2): 143–145.
- Karamustafa, K., & Biçkes, D. M. (2003). “Kredi Kartı Sahip ve Kullanıcılarının Kredi Kartı Kullanımlarını Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Nevşehir Örneği”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1): 91–113.
- Mansor, N., & Mat, A. C. (2009). “Islamic Credit Card: Are Demographic Factors a Good Indicator?”. Asian Social Science, 5(12): 17-26