Teachers’ Views Regarding the Implementation of Education Programs in Distance Education through the EBA Platform During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2021, Issue: 28, 100 - 128, 31.10.2021

Duygu Gür Erdoğan Çiğdem Ayanoğlu

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the programs in distance education through the Education Information Network (EBA) platform due to the Covid-19 pandemic according to teachers’ opinions. In the study, the case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. A semi-structured questionnaire with open-ended questions was given to 107 teachers. The data obtained were examined using content analysis. According to the study results, in “EBA Internet” and “EBA Live Class,” teachers stated that not having information about activities suitable for distance education and limited interaction with students were the difficulties they have faced. The teachers stated that the contents in the EBA are suitable for the targeted learning outcomes. Still, they are qualitatively simple, insufficient, and most of them cannot be accessed. They also stated that they had difficulty carrying out assessment and evaluation in their teaching activities due to insufficient measurement content suitable for the class level in the EBA platform. The students did not want to answer the questions in distance education courses. In addition, teachers suggested that learning with games, movies, songs, visuals, experiments, and STEM activities should be added for the programs to be implemented more efficiently on the EBA platform. Furthermore, an application that makes the board more practical and useful in live lessons should be created.

Keywords

Covid-19 pandemic, EBA, education program, teacher

References

• Adnan, M. & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Online Submission, 2(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.2020261309
• Aksoy, N. (2017). EBA (Educational information network) ’s intended use, problems and solutions proposed (Master Dissertation). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Social Sciences Institute, Kahramanmaraş.
• Aktay, S. & Keskin, T. (2016). Analysis of educational information network (EBA). Journal of Education Theory and Practical Research, 2(3), 27-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekuad/issue/28248/300311
• Alabay, A. (2015). A research into secondary education teachers’ and students’ views on EBA (education information network) usage (Master Dissertation). İstanbul Aydın University, Social Sciences Institute, İstanbul.
• Altin, H. M. (2014). Investigation of Fatih Project based on the perceptions of student, teachers, school administrators and parents (Master Dissertation). Başkent University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Ankay, E. (2019). The effect of using educational informatics network (EBA) based on 5e teaching model on 5th grade students’ the subject of addition and substraction of fractions success, attitude and the persistence of knowledge (Master Dissertation). Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Arkan, A. & Kaya, E. (2018). Educational informatics network (EBA) and 2023 Education Vision. Seta Perspektif, 221, 1-6. https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2018/12/221_Eg%CC%86itimBilis%CC%A7im.pdf
• Arslan, Z. (2016). Teachers’ opinions about the mathematic content in the education informatics network: Trabzon sample. (Master Dissertation). Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Atasoy, M. & Yigitcan Nayır, Ö. (2019). Students’ opinions regarding the use of educational and ınformation network video modules in math courses. International Journal of Science and Education, 2(1), 24-37. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ubed/issue/48031/576936
• Ates, M., Cerci, A. & Derman, S. (2015). Content Analysis of Turkish Course Videos in Educational Informatics Network. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(3), 105-117. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/suje/issue/20640/220103
• Bahceci, F. & Efe B. (2018). Lise evaluation of high school students’ opinions on educational ınformatics network (EBA) site. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11(4), 676-692. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.387055
• Baltaci, A. (2018). A Conceptual Review of Sampling Methods and Sample Size Problems in Qualitative Research. Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences, 7(1), 231-274. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/497090
• Basilaia, G. & Kvavadzee, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
• Basarmak, U. & Mahiroglu, A. (2015). Student opınıons on the anımated cartoons used ın onlıne learnıng envıronment. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, 6(19), 234-253. http://www.ijoess.com/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=349&Detay=Ozet
• Bayram, H. (2021). Challenges secondary school teachers face during the distance education process. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 6(12), 613- 658. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.306
• Birkok, M. C. (2004). Analysis of distance education with sociological concepts. International Journal of Human Sciences, 1(2), 1-8. https://www.j- humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/download/156/156/
• Bozkurt, A. (2020). The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic process and evaluations on education in the post-pandemic world: New normal and new education paradigm. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 6(3), 112-142. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1215818
• Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., …Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education,15(1), 1-126. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878572
• Burgess, S. & Sievertsen, H. H. (2020). Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education. https://voxeu.org/article/impact-covid-19-education
• Can, E. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic and its pedagogical reflections: Open and distance education practices in Turkey. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 6(2), 11-53. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1179832
• Coskunserce, O. & Isciturk, G. B. (2019). Eğitim A case study on ıncreasing students’ awareness about the educational ınformation network (eba) platform. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 7(1), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c1s.12m
• Cuya, B. & Kayis, E. (2018). Usage level of EBA portal according to students. MoNE General Directorate of Innovation and Educational Technologies, Department of Educational Technologies Development and Projects. http://yegitek.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_11/06102811_EsraBilhan.pdf
• Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
• Davey, L. (1991). The application of case study evaluations. ERIC Clearinghouse on Tests Measurement and Evaluation Washington DC. 1-5. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED338706.pdf
• Demir, D. Ozdinc, F. & Unal, E. (2018). An Examination of Participation to the Education Information Network (EBA) Portal. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 20(2), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.402125
• Demircelik, D. A. (2019). Opinions of social students teachers on the EBA by the components: Yozgat town samples (Master Dissertation). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Education Sciences Institute, Tokat.
• Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
• Dogan, O. (2020). Suggestions for a self-sufficient and crisis-resistant agri-food system in Turkey within the framework of the covid-19 pandemic. TESEV Evaluation Notes. https://www.tesev.org.tr/tr/research/krizlere-dayanikli-tarim-gida-sistemi-kovid-19/
• Elcicek, A. (2019). The study of the usage freqency of the website education information technologies network (Eba): Mardin province Kızıltepe town samples (Master Dissertation). Sakarya University, Education Sciences Institute, Sakarya.
• Erbay, A. (2018). Examination of EBA English contents, supplied on the internet as a part of Fatih Project, in terms of secondary schools English curriculum (Master Dissertation). Erciyes University, Education Sciences Institute, Kayseri.
• Eren, E. & Yurtseven Avci, Z. (2016). E-Content Development Under School-University Collaboration: A Case Study Analysis Based on Technology Integration Planning Model. Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(26/2). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/usaksosbil/issue/21663/233107
• Eren, E. (2020). The Impact of the New Coronavirus on the Turkish Education Policy Practices: New Regulations of the Ministry of National Education and the Council of Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.716645
• Erensayin, E. (2018). Evaluation of online course materials: EBA course case (Master Dissertation). Yüzüncü Yıl University, Education Sciences Institute, Van.
• Erkut, E. (2020). Higher education after Covid-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.002
• Gacanoglu, Ş. & Nakiboglu, C. (2019). Examination of experienced chemistry teachers’ usage of education information network (EIN) contents in their chemistry courses. Necatibey Faculty of Education Journal of Electronic Science and Mathematics Education, 13(2), 1141-1165. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.633128
• Gecgel, H., Kana, F. & Eren, D. (2020). Investigation of the concept of digital competence in terms of different variables in Turkish education. Journal of Mother Tongue Education, 8(3), 886-904. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.742352
• Genc, M. & Genc, T. (2013). Monitoring the skills of teachers’ vocational development by themselves: Fatih project sample. Kırşehir Journal of Education Faculty (KEFAD), 14(2), 61-78. https://kefad2.ahievran.edu.tr/archieve/pdfler/Cilt14Sayi2/JKEF_14_2_2013_61-78.pdf
• Gencoğlu, C. & Çiftçi, M. (2020). Education during Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis on Turkey. Journal of History School, 13(46), 1648-1673. https://doi.org/10.29228/joh.44212
• Gezer, M. & Durdu, L. (2020). Systematic analysis of the theses related to education ınformation network (EIN). Başkent University Journal of Education, 7(2), 393-408. file:///C:/Users/%C3%87i%C4%9Fdem/Downloads/345-1-1754-1-10-20200801.pdf
• Guvendi, G. M. (2014). Determination of teachers’ usage frequency of online education and sharing websites supplied by the ministry of education: An example of Education Information Technologies Network (EBA). (Master Dissertation). Sakarya University, Education Sciences Institute, Sakarya.
• Hacioglu, A. (2019). Effect of EBA assisted instruction on student achievement in teaching the topography and rocks subject at the 10th grade geography lesson (Master Dissertation). Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Hakkari, F. (2018). Vocational high school students’ views towards distance education courses. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 5(23), 1140-1151. http://www.jshsr.org/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=467&Detay=Ozet
• Hicyılmaz, Y. & Kayserili, M. (2017). Examining teachers’ views about using smart boards in visual arts lesson. Journal of Atatürk University Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, (35), 56-75. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunikkefd/issue/33367/339952
• Huang, R., Tlili, A., Chang, T. W., Zhang, X., Nascimbeni, F. & Burgos, D. (2020). Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning during COVID-19 outbreak in China: Application of open educational practices and resources. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00125-8
• Ilgaz, H. (2014). The problems of distance educatıon students on synchronised learning applications and suggestions for solutions. Educational Sciences and Practice, 13(26), 187-204. http://ebuline.com/pdfs/26Sayi/26_4.pdf
• Kahraman, M. E. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 epidemic on applied courses and the implementation of these courses by distance education: Example of basic design course. Journal of IMU Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, 6(1), 44-56. https://doi.org/ 10.46641/medeniyetsanat.741737
• Kana, F. & Aydin, V. (2017). Secondary school teachers and students visions on Educational Information Network. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 4(13), 1494-1504. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.230
• Kana, F. & Saygili, D. (2016). A case study on student opinions on the use of the Education Information Network in the Turkish language and literature lesson of secondary education. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 10(20), 11-23. https://mjer.penpublishing.net/makale/359
• Karadag, E. & Yucel, C. (2020). Distance education at universities during the novel coronavirus pandemic: An analysis of undergraduate students’ perceptions. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.730688
• Karatepe, F., Kuçukgencay, N. & Peker, B. (2020). What are the perspectives of teacher candidates on synchronous distance education?: A survey study. International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research, 7(53), 1262-1274. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1868
• Kartal, M. (2017). Social studies teachers’ opinions regarding Educational Information Network (EBA) (Master Dissertation). Gaziosmanpaşa University, Education Sciences Institute, Tokat.
• Kaya, O. (2019). Opinions of teachers and students of vocational high school on Educational It Network (Master Dissertation). Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Keles, E. & Turan, E. (2015). Teachers views on increasing opportunities and improving technology movement (FATİH). Turkish Journal of Education, 4(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181112
• Kilic Kocak, P. (2019). Evaluation of electronic content of biology course in the Ministry of National Education Information Network (EBA) (Master Dissertation). Hacettepe University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Kirmaci, O. & Acar, S. (2018). The problems of campus students in simultaneous online distance education. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 14(3), 276-291. https://doi.org/ 10.17244/eku.378138
• Kırmizigul, H. G. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting education process. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 7(5), 283-289. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/asead/issue/54658/725274
• Kocoglu, E., Ulu Kalin, Ö., Tekdal, D. & Yigen, V. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic process, education at a glance in Turkey. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 6(65), 2956-2966. https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.2448
• Kolburan Gecer, A., Deveci Topal, A. & Solmaz, I. (2017). Determining teacher competency levels for the use of Educational and Informatics Network: Sample of Kocaeli. Kalem International Journal Of Education And Human Sciences 8(1), 63-86, https://doi.org/10.23863/kalem.2017.84
• Kurnaz, E. & Sercemeli, M. (2020). A research on academicans’ perspectives on distance education and distance accountng education in the Covid-19 pandemia period. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(3), 262-288. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1163428
• Kurtdede Fidan, N., Erbasan, Ö. & Kolsuz, S. (2016). Views of classroom teachers about the use of Education Information Network. The Journal of International Social Research, 9(45), 626-637. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20164520642
• Merriam, S. B. (2013). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Selahattin Turan (Trans.), Nobel.
• Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). An Expanded Sourcebook: Qualitative data analysis (Second edition). Thousand Oaks, Sage.
• Mohmmed, A. O., Khidhir, B. A., Nazeer, A. & Vijayan, V. J. (2020). Emergency remote teaching during Coronavirus pandemic: The current trend and future directive at Middle East College Oman. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 5(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00326-7.
• MoNe, (2020a). Distance education started with the lesson given by Minister Selçuk. https://yegitek.meb.gov.tr/www/ilkokul-ortaokul-ve-lise-ogrencileri-icin-eba-ve-trt- eba-tv-ile-uzaktan-egitim-suruyor/icerik/3037
• MoNe, (2020b). Distance education continues with EBA and TRT-EBA TV for primary, secondary and high school students. https://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-bakan- selcukun-verdigi-dersle-basladi/haber/20578/tr
• MoNe, (2020c). EBA live class is now available to more students. https://yegitek.meb.gov.tr/www/eba-canli-sinif-artik-daha-fazla-ogrencinin kullaniminda/icerik/3039
• Nuere, S. & Miguel, L. (2020). The digital/technological connection with Covid-19: An unprecedented challenge in university teaching. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09454-6
• Odabas, H. (2003). Internet based distance education and departments of information and records management. Turkish Librarianship, 17-1, 22-36. http://eprints.rclis.org/8221/
• OECD (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020. OECD Publishing. https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/framework_guide_v1_002_harward.pdf
• Ozan Leylum, Ş., Odabasi, H. F. & Kabakci Yurdakul, I. (2017). The importance of case study research in educational settings. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 5(3), 369-385. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148- 2624.1.5c3s16m
• Oner, G. (2017). An alternative source for social studies and history lessons: eba.gov.tr. International Journal Of Turkish Education Sciences, 5(9), 227. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/goputeb/issue/34356/380609
• Ozer, M. (2020a). Educational policy actions by the ministry of national education in the times of COVID-19. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1124-1129. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.722280
• Ozer, M. (2020b). The contribution of the strengthened capacity of vocational education and training system in Turkey to the fight against Covid-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.726951
• Ozer, M., & Suna, H. E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and education. Anatomy of global society: In the future of man and society, 171-192. Turkish Academy of Sciences. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342978325
• Oztaş, S. & Kilic, B. (2017). The evaluation of university students’ opinions of teaching the Atatürk’s principles and history of revolution course with distance education (Kırklareli University sample). Turkish History Education Journal, 6(2), 268-293. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.327979
• Ozturk, N. (2020). Education in the world during the pandemic process. Criterion Journal, 5(50). https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-egitimde-koronavirus-etkisi/pandemi- surecinde-dunyada-egitim
• Ozyurek, A., Begde, Z., Yavuz, N. & Ozkan, I. (2016). Evaluation of Distance Education Applications from Students’ Perspective. Karabük University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 6(2), 592-605. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/joiss/issue/30780/323661
• Petretto, D. R., Masala, I. & Masala, C. (2020). Special educational needs, distance learning, inclusion and Covid-19. Education Sciences, 10, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10060154
• Pinar, M. A. & Donel Akgul, G. (2020). The opinions of secondary school students about giving science courses with distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences,10(2), 461-486. https://doi.org/10.26579/jocress.377
• Saklan, H. & Ünal, C. (2018). Opinions of technology-friendly science teachers about Education Information Network (EBA). Necatibey Faculty of Education Journal of Electronic Science and Mathematics Education, 12(1), 493-526. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.437847
• Sari, E. & Sari, B. (2020). Education Management in Times of Crisis: The Case of COVID-19. International Journal of Leadership Studies: Theory and Practice, 3(2), 49-63. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijls/issue/56102/742188
• Sezer, C. & Korucu, A. G. (2019). The effect of using learning management system in information technologies and software course on student academic success. Gazi Journal of Educational Sciences,5(Özel Sayı), 157-176. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjes.2019.os.01.009
• Sezgin, Y. (2014). Examining the opinions of school administrators and teachers about Fatih Project in terms of various variables (Master Dissertation). Okan Unversity, Social Sciences Institute, İstanbul.
• Sun, L., Tang, Y. & Zuo, W. (2020). Coronavirus pushes education online. Nature Materials, 19(6), 687-687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0678-8
• Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal 11(2), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ1102063
• Sumer, M. (2016). Examination of students’ opinions about virtual lessons. Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(3), 181-200. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/usaksosbil/issue/24734/261547
• Sahin, M. & Erman, E. (2019). Evaluation of the views of history lesson teachers about the Educational Information Network (eba). Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education,49, 256-275. https://doi.org/10.21764/ maeuefd.425608
• Tanrikulu, F. (2017). Teachers’ opinions on the competence of EBA to meet the learning areas of Turkish lessons. Journal of Mother Tongue Education, 5(3), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.331244
• Telli Yamamoto, G. & Altun, D. (2020). The coronavirus and the unstoppable rise of online education. Journal of University Studies, 3(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26701/uad.711110
• Timur, B., Yilmaz, Ş. & İsseven, A. (2017). Opinions of secondary school students on the use of the Education Information Network (EBA) system, Asian Journal of Teaching, 5(1), 44-54. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aji/issue/31255/340400
• Tzifopoulos, M. (2020). In the shadow of Coronavirus: Distance education and digital literacy skillsin Greece. International Journal of Social Science and Technology, 5(2), 1–14. http://www.ijsstr.com/data/frontImages/1.April_2020.pdf.
• Tuncer, M. & Bahadir, F. (2017). Evaluation of the distance education programs according to student views that learned in these programs. Journal of Educational Reflections, 1(2), 29-38. http://hdl.handle.net/11508/12147
• Tutar, M. (2015). The evaluation of teachers’ perceptions towards education information network (EIN). (Master Dissertation). Karadeniz Technical University, Social Sciences Institute, Trabzon.
• Turker, A. & Guven, C. (2016). The level of high school teachers’ benefit from the Educational Information Network (EBA) project and their opinions about the project. Journal of Education and Training Research, 5(1), 244-254. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/27a.abdullah_turker_.pdf
• Turnuklu, A. (2000). A qualitative research technique that can be used effectively in educational science research: Interview. Journal of Education Theory and Practical Research, 6(4), 543-559. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10372/126941.
• Tuysuz, C. & Cumen, V. (2016). Opinions of secondary school students about eba course website. Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(3), 278-296. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/228043
• UNESCO, (2020a). COVİD-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.
• UNESCO, (2020b). 290 million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilises response. https://en.unesco.org/news/290- million-students-out-school-due-covid-19-unesco-releases-first-global-numbers-and-mobilizes
• UNESCO, (2020c). National education responses to COVID-19 summary report of UNESCO’s online survey. Summer Report, UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373322
• Vahit, H. R. (2019). The effect of mathematics teaching with EBA activities on success and attitude (Master Dissertation). Kastamonu University, Science Institute, Kastamonu.
• Yadigar, G. (2010). The evaluation of the efficiency of distance education programs (Master Dissertation). Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara.
• Yalin, H. İ. (2001). Instructional Technologies and Material Development. Nobel.
• Yildirim, A. & Simsek, H. (2018). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences, (11. Edition), Seçkin.
• YÖK. (2020). Press Release (26.03.2020) President of the Council of Higher Education Prof. Dr. M. A. Yektasarac.https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/YKS%20Ertelenmesi%20Bas%C4%B1n%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1klamas%C4%B1.aspx
• Zhou, L., Li, F., Wu, S., & Zhou, M. (2020). “School’s out, but class’s on”, the largest online education in the world today: Taking China’s practical exploration during the Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control as an example. Best Evidence of Chinese Education, 4(2), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9781107415324.004