MAXIMAL COVERING METHOD IN DETERMINING DISTRIBUTION CENTERS IN DISASTER LOGISTICS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 22 - 60, 30.04.2024

Murat Koç , Hüseyin Ali Sarıkaya

Öz

Efforts to determine the location of a physical object, known as the location problem, are not new. For centuries, people have solved location problems and found various methods by formulating problems or somehow trying to optimally place objects and service centres in relation to other objects and service centres. Facility location decisions of emergency service centres such as schools, hospitals, fire brigades, disaster response points have an important place in the strategic planning of the activities of public and private organisations. In this study, it is aimed to determine the places where the necessary materials will be stored in order to meet the needs of disaster victims such as food, shelter, clothing and first aid in case of a disaster that may occur in our country. Within the framework of this purpose, the study has been carried out by taking into consideration the Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) disaster warehouses, disaster map and the disasters experienced in recent years. In Izmir Regional Disaster Management Centre (RDMC) selected as an example, first the coverage distances of each Red Crescent RDMC according to the criteria of response to the disasters, then the candidate points representing the potential warehouse locations and the demand points showing the disasters that the Red Crescent RDMC should respond to have been determined by using the Geographical Information System (GIS). While determining the most appropriate locations of the warehouses to be established, the Maximum Covering Location Problem has been selected from the facility location problem types. Six different scenarios have been created for the developed model, optimal solutions have been obtained for each scenario using ArcGIS Route Solver software and the solutions have been analyzed by changing the problem parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Management, Facility Location Problems, Maximal Covering Location Problem.

AFET LOJİSTİĞİNDE DAĞITIM MERKEZLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİNDE EN BÜYÜK KAPSAMA YÖNTEMİ

Öz

Yer seçimi problemi olarak bilinen fiziksel bir nesnenin yerini belirleme çabaları yeni değildir. Yüzyıllar boyunca insanlar yer seçimi problemlerini çözmüşler ve problemleri formüle ederek veya bir şekilde nesneleri ve hizmet merkezlerini diğer nesne ve hizmet merkezlerine göre en uygun şekilde yerleştirmeye çalışarak çeşitli yöntemler bulmuşlardır. Okul, hastane, itfaiye, afet müdahale noktaları gibi acil hizmet merkezlerinin tesis yerlerinin belirlenmesi kararları, kamu ve özel kuruluşların faaliyetlerinin stratejik planlanmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde meydana gelebilecek afet durumunda afetzedelerin gıda, barınma, giyecek ve ilk yardım gibi gereksinimlerin karşılanabilmesi için gerekli olan malzemelerin depolanacağı yerlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde Türk Kızılay afet depoları, afet haritası ve son yıllarda yaşanan afetler göz önünde bulundurularak çalışma yapılmıştır. Örnek olarak seçilen İzmir Bölge Afet Yönetim Merkezi (BAYM)’nde ilk önce her Kızılay BAYM’nin afetlere müdahale kriterine göre kapsama mesafeleri, daha sonra potansiyel depo yerlerini temsilen aday noktaları ve Kızılay BAYM’nin müdahale etmesi gereken afetleri gösteren talep noktaları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (GIS)nden faydalanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kurulacak depoların en uygun yerleri belirlenirken yer seçimi problem türlerinden Enbüyük Kapsama Yer Seçimi Problemi seçilmiştir. Geliştirilen model için altı ayrı senaryo oluşturulmuş, ArcGIS Route Solver yazılımı kullanılarak optimal çözümler elde edilmiş ve problem parametreleri değiştirilerek bu çözümler analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Yönetimi, Yer Seçimi Problemleri, Enbüyük Kapsama Problemi

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar tarafından herhangi bir çıkar çatışması beyan edilmemiştir.

Kaynakça

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