Review Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Charging techniques, infrastructure, and their influences

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 68 - 74, 31.12.2023

Abstract

The automotive industry is currently engaged in the biggest transformation of recent years. Electromobility presents a new technological challenge for the automotive industry. In this context, the charging system will play an important key player in the coming years. The requirements for charging systems are very dynamic and diverse from norms, standard and laws as well as from end customers. There is currently no common charging standard for the charging socket worldwide. Worldwide, three charging standards are currently established, which are supported by the European Commission, among others. Here, the individual components and functions charging technologies are systematically described. With this work, the current status for conductive charging technologies and the future trend is summarized. The power consumption of the battery was presented with a measurement result for one charging session.

References

  • 1. Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA): Anzahl von Elektroautos weltweit von 2012 bis 2022 und Prognose bis 2030. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/168350/umfrage/bestandsentwicklung-von-elektrofahrzeugen/ (accessed on 12 July 2023).
  • 2. Hofmann, P. (2023). Energiespeicher für hybridfahrzeuge. Hy-bridfahrzeuge: Grundlagen, komponenten, fahrzeugbeispiele. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 293-360.
  • 3. Mastoi, M.S., Zhuang, S., Munir, H.M., Haris, M., Hassan, M., Usman, M., Bukhari, S.S.H., & Ro, J.S. (2022). An in-depth analysis of electric vehicle charging station infrastructure, policy implications, and future trends. Energy Reports, 8, 11504-11529.
  • 4. Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA): Prognose der benötigten öffentlichen Ladestationen für Elektrofahrzeuge in den Ländern der Europäischen Union in den Jahren 2018 und 2030. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1036435/umfrage/prognose-der-benoetigten-oeffentlichen-ladestationen-fuer-elektroautos-in-der-eu/. (accessed on 12 July 2023).
  • 5. Abid, M., Tabaa, M., Chakir, A., & Hachimi, H. (2022). Routing and charging of electric vehicles: Literature review. Energy Re-ports, 8, 556-578.
  • 6. Decker, K.H., & Kabus, K. (2022). Kraftfahrtechnisches taschenbuch. Springer Vieweg Wiesbaden.
  • 7. Ahmad, A., Khan, Z.A., Alam, M.S., & Khaateb, S. (2018). A review of the electric vehicle charging techniques, standards, pro-gression and evolution of EV technologies in Germany. Smart Sciences, 6, 36-53.
  • 8. LaMonaca, S., & Ryan, L. (2022). The state of play in electric vehicle charging services–A review of infrastructure provision, players, and policies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111733.
  • 9. Kilic, A. (2016). Device and method for electrically connecting a charging station with a charging socket of a vehicle. Patent DE102014226755A1
  • 10. Kilic, A., & Henkel, A. (2016). Vehicle socket and cooperating plug. Patent DE102015211997 A1.
  • 11. Kilic, A. (2023). High-voltage battery, the method for running high-voltage battery, battery system and vehicle. Patent CN107650684A.
  • 12. BS EN IEC 61558-1:2019. (2019). Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products – Part 1: General requirements and tests.
  • 13. IEC 62196-1:2022. (2022). Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle con-nectors and vehicle inlets-Conductive charging of electric vehi-cles.
  • 14. Wang, K. Electric vehicle charging levels, modes and types ex-plained, North America vs. Europe charging cables and plug types.
  • 15. IEC 62196-1:2022. (2022). Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle con-nectors and vehicle inlets-Conductive charging of electric vehi-cles.
  • 16. Köhler, S., Baker, R., Strohmeier, M., & Martinovic, I. (2022). End-to-end wireless disruption of CCS EV charging. Proceedings ot he 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Com-munications Security, 3515-3517.
  • 17. Raff, R., Golub, V., Pelin, D., & Topić, D. (2019). Overview of charging modes and connectors for the electric vehicles. 2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE), 1-6.
  • 18. Rachid, A., Fadil, H.E., Gaouzi, K., Rachid, K., Lassioui, A., Idrissi, Z.E., & Koundi, M. (2023). Electric vehicle charging sys-tems: Comprehensive review. 16, 255.
  • 19. Mastoi, M.S., Zhuang, S., Munir, H.M., Haris, M., Hassan, M., Usman, M., Bukhari, S.S.H., & Ro, J.S. (2022). An in-depth analysis of electric vehicle charging station infrastructure, policy implications, and future trends. Energy Reports, 8, 11504-11529.
  • 20. Maske, P., Chel, A., Gopal, P.K., & Kaushik, G. (2021). Sustain-able perspective of electric vehicles and its future prospects. JSMPM, 1, 17-32.
  • 21. Schneider, J., Teichert, O., Zahringer, M., Balke, G, & Lienkamp, M. (2023). The novel Megawatt Charging System standard: Im-pact on battery size and cell requirements for battery-electric long-haul trucks. eTransportation, 17, 100253.
  • 22. Kilic, A. (2023). Analysis of charging systems for electric vehicle. International Journal of Smart Grid, 7, 177-186.
  • 23. Kilic, A. (2023). Plug and charge solutions with vehicle-to-grid communication. Electric Power and Component Systems, 51, 1786-1814.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Kılıç This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kılıç, A. (2023). Charging techniques, infrastructure, and their influences. Engineering Perspective, 3(4), 68-74. https://doi.org/10.29228/eng.pers.73000