Bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme stratejileri

Öz

Bitki paraziti nematodlar, dünya genelinde tarım ürünlerinin en önemli zararlılarından birisidir. Günümüze kadar bitkilerde zararlara neden olan yaklaşık olarak 4100 tür tanımlanmıştır. Bitki paraziti nematodlar kök, sap, yaprak ve tohum gibi tüm bitki kısımlarında beslenebilmektedirler. Nematodlar canlı bitki dokularında beslenmektedir ve konukçularıyla çok farklı etkileşimler içerisine girmektedirler. Bitkilerde genel olarak ektoparazitik, yarı endoparazitik, endoparazitik ve gezici ekto-endoparazitik şeklinde beslenmektedirler. Ektoparazitler konukçuya giriş yapmazken yarı endoparazitik nematodlar vücutlarının belli bir kısmını doku içerisine olacak şekilde beslenmelerine devam etmektedirler. Endoparazitik nematodlar tamamen kök içerisinde beslenmektedirler. Gezici ekto-endo parazitik nematodlar ipliksi yapıda ve yalnızca baş bölgelerini bitki dokularına sokmakta ve kortikal hücrelerden beslenmektedirler. Ayrıca bu beslenme tiplerinin alt gruplarıda bulunmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme tipleriyle ilgili bilgi, bu zararlılarla mücadele stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için önemlidir. Bu derlemede bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme stratejilerini tanıtmak için hazırlanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme,Bitki paraziti nematodlar,dorylaimida,rhabditida,triplonchida

The feeding strategies of plant-parasitic nematodes

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most important pests of crops throughout the world. Approximately 4100 plant- parasitic species have been so far identified. They can attack every part of the plant such as roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. Plant-parasitic nematodes feed on living plant tissues and display a wide variety of interactions with their hosts. They generally feed as ectoparasites, semi-endoparasites, endoparasites, and migratory endo-ectoparasites in plants. Ectoparasites never enter the host. Semi-endoparasitic nematodes feed partially embedded in tissue with a portion of the body outside. Endoparasitic nematodes completely enter roots. Migratory endo-ectoparasite nematodes remain vermiform. Their head region is only inserted into cortical cells from which nutrients are removed. In addition, these feeding types include sub-groups. The knowledge feeding types of plant-parasitic nematodes is important for management strategies. This review is initiated to provide an overview on the feeding strategies of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Keywords

• Feeding,plant-parasitic nematodes,dorylaimida,rhabditida,triplonchida

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