Bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme stratejileri

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 249 - 258, 13.03.2018

Zübeyir Devran , İbrahim Mıstanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.16969/entoteb.326853

Abstract

Bitki paraziti nematodlar, dünya genelinde tarım
ürünlerinin en önemli zararlılarından birisidir. Günümüze kadar bitkilerde
zararlara neden olan yaklaşık olarak 4100 tür tanımlanmıştır. Bitki paraziti
nematodlar kök, sap, yaprak ve tohum gibi tüm bitki kısımlarında beslenebilmektedirler.
Nematodlar canlı bitki dokularında beslenmektedir ve konukçularıyla çok farklı
etkileşimler içerisine girmektedirler. Bitkilerde genel olarak ektoparazitik,
yarı endoparazitik, endoparazitik ve gezici ekto-endoparazitik şeklinde
beslenmektedirler. Ektoparazitler konukçuya giriş yapmazken yarı endoparazitik
nematodlar vücutlarının belli bir kısmını doku içerisine olacak şekilde
beslenmelerine devam etmektedirler. Endoparazitik nematodlar tamamen kök
içerisinde beslenmektedirler. Gezici ekto-endo parazitik nematodlar ipliksi
yapıda ve yalnızca baş bölgelerini bitki dokularına sokmakta ve kortikal
hücrelerden beslenmektedirler. Ayrıca bu beslenme tiplerinin alt gruplarıda
bulunmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme tipleriyle ilgili bilgi, bu
zararlılarla mücadele stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için önemlidir. Bu derlemede
bitki paraziti nematodların beslenme stratejilerini tanıtmak için
hazırlanmıştır. 

Keywords

Beslenme, Bitki paraziti nematodlar, dorylaimida, rhabditida, triplonchida

The feeding strategies of plant-parasitic nematodes

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most
important pests of crops throughout the world. Approximately 4100 plant-
parasitic species have been so far identified. They can attack every part of
the plant such as roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. Plant-parasitic nematodes
feed on living plant tissues and display a wide variety of interactions with
their hosts. They generally feed as ectoparasites, semi-endoparasites,
endoparasites, and migratory endo-ectoparasites in plants. Ectoparasites
never enter the host. Semi-endoparasitic nematodes feed partially embedded in
tissue with a portion of the body outside. Endoparasitic nematodes completely enter
roots. Migratory endo-ectoparasite nematodes remain vermiform. Their head
region is only inserted into cortical cells from which nutrients are removed. In
addition, these feeding types include sub-groups. The knowledge feeding types
of plant-parasitic nematodes is important for management strategies. This
review is initiated to provide an overview on the feeding strategies of
plant-parasitic nematodes.

Keywords

Feeding, plant-parasitic nematodes, dorylaimida, rhabditida, triplonchida

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