Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Abstract

Phosphine gas is the major pesticide applied to stored cereal grains against insects across the world and has been used in Türkiye since the 1950s. Increasing resistance to this fumigant is a problem in stored grain pests worldwide. This study determined the phosphine resistance ratios of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in 18 populations from 12 provinces of Türkiye between 2013 and 2017. Discriminating dose studies showed 3 of 15 populations comprise phosphine-resistant specimens. Dose-response bioassays established that resistance ratios were between 96 and 533-fold. The current molecular resistance marker, which detects the amino acid mutation P49S in the DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) gene, were assayed in phosphine-resistant populations. The R allele occurred at a high frequency (83.7%) in 15 highly resistant populations and was absent in three susceptible populations. For 324 individuals from the resistant populations the average proportion of homozygous resistant, heterozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible alleles were 62.0, 18.9 and 19.1%, respectively. The genetic marker detection results were comparable to bioassay results in relation to the resistance status of Turkish populations of R. dominca. So, genetic testing for phosphine resistance will simplify resistance management in Türkiye.

Keywords

• Bioassay
• DLD
• lesser grain borer
• P49S
• phosphine

Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)’nın Türkiye popülasyonlarındaki fosfin direncinde bioassay ile moleküler markörün karşılaştırılması

Öz

Fosfin gazı depolanmış hububattaki böceklere karşı dünya genelinde kullanılan ana pestisittir. Türkiye’de de 1950’lerden itibaren kullanılmaktadır. Bu fumiganta karşı dünya genelinde böceklerde direnç artışı önemli bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada ekin kambur böceği, Rhyzoperta dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)’nın ülkemizde 12 ilden 18 popülasyonundaki fosfin dirençleri 2013-2017 yılları arasında belirlenmiştir. Ayırıcı doz çalışmaları 15 popülasyonda fosfin direnci geliştiğini göstermiştir. Bu popülasyonlarda doz-yanıt bioassayleri, direnç oranlarının 96-533 kat arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, fosfin direncine sahip bu popülasyonlarda DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) geninde amino asit mutasyonunu gösteren mevcut moleküler direnç markörü P49S test edilmiştir. R direnç alleli bu 15 popülasyonda yüksek frekansta (%83.7) belirlenmişken hassas olan üç popülasyonda ise belirlenmemiştir. Dirençli popülasyonlardaki 324 bireyden elde edilen genetic sonuçlara göre homozigot direnç, heterozigot direnç ve homozigot hassas allel oranları sırasıyla %62.0, 18.9 ve 19.1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Türkiye R. dominica popülasyonlarında genetik markör ile fosfin direncini belirleme sonuçlarının bioassay sonuçlarıyla kıyaslanabilir olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçta, fosfin direncinin genetik olarak testlenmesi Türkiye’de direnç yönetimini kolaylaştıracaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioassay
• DLD
• ekin kambur biti
• P49S
• fosfin

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