Farklı Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) popülasyonlarının yerel Bacillus thuringiensis suşlarına duyarlılığı

Öz

Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) dünya çapında en önemli domates zararlılarından biridir ve mücadele edilmediği takdirde %100 ürün kaybına neden olur. Uzun yıllardır aşırı kullanılan kimyasal insektisitler, zararlıda direnç oluşturmuş ve popülasyonlarını kontrol etmeyi zorlaştırmıştır. Bacillus thuringiensis gibi insektisidal proteinleri eksprese eden biyolojik savaş etmenlerinin kullanımı, zararlı popülasyonlarını baskılamak için geleneksel insektisitlere bir alternatiftir. Bu çalışmada, toprak örneklerinden yeni B. thuringiensis suşları elde etmek için 2021 yılında Bilecik ilinde bir sürvey yapıldı. On üç yerel B. thuringiensis suşu izole edilmiş ve üç farklı tarla popülasyonunun (Samsun, İzmir ve Bilecik) bu suşlara duyarlılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Lepidopteran-aktif toksin genleri içeren B. thuringiensis B3 (Bt-B3) suşu, test edilen tüm T. absoluta popülasyonlarında daha virülent bulundu. Ayrıca Samsun popülasyonu, B3 suşuna İzmir ve Bilecik popülasyonuna göre daha duyarlıydı. Bt-B3'ün LC50 değerleri Samsun, İzmir ve Bilecik popülasyonları için sırasıyla 13.28, 26.06 ve 24.24 ppm olarak belirlendi. İzolatın 16S rRNA gen bölgesinin sekanslanması, B. thuringiensis olduğunu doğrularken, elektron mikroskopisi izolatın bipiramidal, kübik ve küresel insektisidal proteinler ürettiğini ortaya koydu. Çalışma sonuçları, Bt-B3 izolatının Türkiye'de T. absoluta'nın entegre zararlı mücadelesi için umut verici bir biyolojik savaş etmeni olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus thuringiensis
• biyolojik savaş
• cry genleri
• Tuta absoluta

Susceptibility of different Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations to indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strains

Abstract

Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important tomato pests worldwide and causes 100% product loss if not controlled. Chemical insecticides, which have been overused for many years, have induced resistance in the pests and made it difficult to control their populations in the field. The use of biological agents that express insecticidal proteins, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, is an alternative to conventional insecticides to suppress pest populations. In this study, to recover novel B. thuringiensis strains from soil samples, a survey was conducted in Bilecik province in 2021. Thirteen local B. thuringiensis strains were isolated and the susceptibility of three different field populations (Samsun, İzmir, and Bilecik) of T. absoluta to these strains was evaluated. Bacillus thuringiensis B3 (Bt-B3) strain, which contains lepidopteran-active toxin genes, was more virulent for all T. absoluta populations tested. In addition, Samsun population was more sensitive to the B3 strain than İzmir and Bilecik. The LC50 values of Bt-B3 were determined to be 13.28, 26.06 and 24.24 ppm for Samsun, İzmir and Bilecik populations, respectively. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region confirmed that the isolate was B. thuringiensis, while electron microscopy revealed that the isolate produced bipyramidal, cubic and spherical insecticidal proteins. The results of this study indicate that the isolate Bt-B3 appears to be a promising biocontrol agent for integrated pest management of T. absoluta in Türkiye.

Keywords

• Bacillus thuringiensis
• biocontrol
• cry genes
• Tuta absoluta

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