Tel kurdu türlerinin, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Türkiye'nin başlıca patates ekim alanlarındaki biyoçeşitliliği ve moleküler tanımlanması

Öz

Tel kurtları, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae), en önemli toprak kaynaklı zararlı böcekler arasında yer almakta ve yoğun istilalarda patates üretiminde ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Türkiye'de patates yetiştirilen alanlarda zararlı tel kurdu türlerinin varlığı tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, patates yetiştiriciliği yapılan ekosistemlerde tel kurdu türlerinin moleküler olarak tanılanmasını ve biyoçeşitliliğini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Türkiye'nin başlıca patates yetiştirilen bölgelerinde (Afyon, Bolu, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Niğde ve Sivas) kapsamlı ilk saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Tel kurtlarının tür tanılaması, mitokondriyal sitokrom c oksidaz Alt Ünite I (COI) geni dizisine dayalı DNA barkodlaması kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Örnekler, 400 adet patates tarlasından toplanmış ve 510 adet larva örneği elde edilmiştir. Afyon, Bolu, Kayseri, Konya ve Sivas illerinde tel kurtlarının yaygınlığı ortalama %13,5 olarak belirlenirken, Niğde ve İzmir illerinden pozitif örnek elde edilmemiştir. Agriotes sputator (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) türünün örnekleme yapılan alanlarda en yaygın tür olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tel kurdu türlerinin Shannon indeksi 0.59 olarak bulunmuş olup, patates tarlalarında tel kurtlarının biyolojik çeşitliliğinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agriotes spp.
• COI
• Elateridae
• patates
• toprak kaynaklı zararlılar

Molecular identification and biodiversity of wireworm species, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in major potato cultivated areas of Türkiye

Abstract

Wireworms, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are among the most harmful soil-borne insect pests and significantly reduce potato yields under heavy infestations. The presence of wireworm species on potatoes in potato growing areas is not fully known in the provinces of Türkiye. Therefore, this research aimed to identify wireworms molecularly and evaluate their biodiversity in potato growing ecosystems. Here, the first extensive field survey was carried out in Türkiye's principal potato-growing regions in 2019 and 2020 (Afyon, Bolu, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Niğde, and Sivas). Species identification of wireworms was performed using DNA barcoding approach based on the fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were collected from 400 potato fields, and 510 larval specimens were obtained. The presence of wireworms was confirmed for Afyon, Bolu, Kayseri, Konya, and Sivas provinces, with an average prevalence of 13.5%, while no positive samples were recovered from Niğde and İzmir. Agriotes sputator (L.,1758) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) was the most prevalent species in surveyed areas. The Shannon index of wireworm species was found to be as 0.59, which implies a low degree of biodiversity of wireworms in potato fields.

Keywords

• Agriotes spp.
• COI
• Elateridae
• potato
• soil-borne pests

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