Physiological reactions of some entomopathogenic nematodes to long-term storage

Year 2024, , 261 - 268, 16.10.2024

Alper Susurluk , Alperen Kaan Bütüner

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1475414

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are commonly used for pest control. Determining the optimal storage duration for EPNs is crucial for their effective utilization. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy and reproductive capacities of some EPNs stored for different durations. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH Hybrid Strain, HBNL, and HB4 isolates, as well as Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) SADIÇ and ST5 isolates, were used in the study. The Infective Juveniles (IJs) stored at 4ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were assessed for their efficacy and reproductive capacities on last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at the end of the periods. This study was conducted at Bursa Uludağ University, Plant Protection Department, Nematology Laboratory. The highest mortality rate observed on G. mellonella larvae was 86.67% on the H. bacteriophora HBH Hybrid Strain stored for 6 months. Similarly, the highest reproductive capacity was determined to be 153 000 IJs/G. mellonella larva, also on the H. bacteriophora HBH Hybrid Strain stored for 6 months. This study showed significant results in determining the effects of storage durations on the efficacy and reproductive capacity of the EPNs.

Keywords

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, reproductive capacity, Steinernema feltiae, storage duration

Thanks

Assoc. Prof. Tufan Can ULU and Büşra SADIÇ ULU are thanked for SADIÇ isolate. Also, Bursa Uludağ University, Nematology Laboratory Crew is thanked for their technical supports.

Bazı entomopatojen nematodların uzun süreli depolamaya fizyolojik tepkileri

Abstract

Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN) zararlıların mücadelesinde yaygınlıkla kullanılmaktadır. EPN’lerin özellikle depolama süresinin uzunluğunun belirlenmesi EPN’lerin etkili bir şekilde kullanılması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı süreler boyunca depolanmış olan bazı EPN’lerin stok süreleri sonunda etkinlikleri ve üreme kapasitelerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH Hibrit Irkı, HBNL ve HB4 izolatı ve Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) SADIÇ ve ST5 izolatları kullanılmıştır. 4ºC'de 6, 12, 18 ve 24 ay boyunca inkübe edilmiş olan infektif jüvenillerin (IJs) belirtilen süreler sonunda Galleria mellonella L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) son dönem larvaları üzerinde etkinlikleri ve üreme güçleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma 2024 yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Nematoloji Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, G. mellonella larvaları üzerinde görülen en yüksek ölüm oranı 6 ay depolanmış olan H. bacteriophora HBH Hibrit Irkında %86.67 olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek üreme kapasitesi de aynı şekilde 6 ay depolanmış olan H. bacteriophora HBH Hibrit Irkında 153 000 IJs/ G. mellonella larva şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, EPN'nin depolanma süresinin EPN etkinliği ve üreme kapasitesi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi açısından önemli sonuçlar taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, üreme kapasitesi, Steinernema feltiae, depolama süresi

References

• Akı, O., E. Yüksel, M. İmren, R. Bozbuğa & R. Canhilal, 2023. The role of storage duration and conditions on the survival and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes. International Journal of Agricultural and Wildlife Sciences, 9 (2): 176-185.
• Baker, B. P., T. A. Green & A. J. Loker, 2020. Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems. Biological Control, 140 (1): 104095 (1-9).
• Bale, J. S., J. C. Van Lenteren & F. Bigler, 2008. Biological control and sustainable food production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363 (1492): 761-776.
• Boff, M. I., G. L. Wiegers & P. H. Smits, 2000. Effect of storage time and temperature on infectivity, reproduction and development of Heterorhabditis megidis in Galleria mellonella. Nematology, 2 (6): 635-644.
• Bütüner, A. K. & A. Susurluk, 2023. Efficiency of temperature and storage duration on some morphological measurements and reproductive capacity of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)’s Turkish HBH hybrid strain. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (4): 469-476.
• Bütüner, A. K., E. Ergene, M. İlktan, S. Sepin, H. Susurluk & İ. A. Susurluk, 2024. Impact of some entomopathogenic nematode isolates on the mortality and penetration rate of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tenebrio molitor. Crop Protection, 179 (5): 106629 (1-9).
• Bütüner, A. K., M. Ilktan & A. Susurluk, 2023. Effects of storage temperature on viability and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (3): 247-257.
• Campos-Herrera, R., M. Barbercheck, C. W. Hoy & S. P. Stock, 2012. Entomopathogenic nematodes as a model system for advancing the frontiers of ecology. Journal of Nematology, 44 (2): 162- 176.
• Ciche, T. A., C. Darby, R. U. Ehlers, S. Forst & H. Goodrich-Blair, 2006. Dangerous liaisons: the symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria. Biological Control, 38 (1): 22-46.
• Dede, E., A. K. Bütüner & A. Susurluk, 2022. Biocontrol potential of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (4): 399-405.
• Dillman, A. R. & P. W. Sternberg, 2012. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Current Biology, 22 (11): R430-R431.
• Ehlers, R. U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practice and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 6 (3): 303-316.
• Ehlers, R. U., 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56 (5-6): 623-633.
• Erdogan, H., K. Cruzado-Gutierrez, G. Stevens, D. Shapiro-Ilan, F. Kaplan, H. Alborn & E. Lewis, 2021. Nematodes follow a leader. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 740351 (1-9).
• Filgueiras, C. C., E. J. Shields, B. A. Nault & D. S. Willett, 2023. Entomopathogenic nematodes for field control of onion maggot (Delia antiqua) and compatibility with seed treatments. Insects, 14 (7): 623.
• Gaugler, R., 1988. Ecological considerations in the biological control of soil-inhabiting insects with entomopathogenic nematodes. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 24 (1-3): 351-360.
• Gaugler, R., I. Brown, D. Shapiro-Ilan & A. Atwa, 2002. Automated technology for in vivo mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 24 (2): 199-206.
• Gaugler, R., J. F. Campbell, S. Selvan & E. E. Lewis, 1992. Large-scale inoculative releases of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema glaseri: assessment 50 years later. Biological Control, 2 (3): 181-187.
• Jess, S., S. Kildea, A. Moody, G. Rennick, A. K. Murchie & L. R. Cooke, 2014. European Union policy on pesticides: implications for agriculture in Ireland. Pest Management Science, 70 (11): 1646-1654.
• Katti, G., J. Prasad, A. Padmakumari & M. Sankar, 2006. Effect of storage periods on survival and infectivity of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes of insect pests of rice Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 34 (1): 1150-1154.
• Kaya, H. K. & A. M. Koppenhöfer, 1996. Effects of microbial and other antagonistic organism and competition on entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6 (3): 357-372.
• Koppenhöfer, A. M., D. I. Shapiro-Ilan & I. Hiltpold, 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4: 125 (1-14).
• Lacey, L. A., D. Grzywacz, I. D. Shapiro-Ilan, R. Frutos, M. Brownbridge & M. S. Goettel, 2015. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 132: 1-41.
• Lechenet, M., F. Dessaint, G. Py, D. Makowski & N. Munier-Jolain, 2017. Reducing pesticide use while preserving crop productivity and profitability on arable farms. Nature plants, 3 (3): 1-6.
• Lewis, E. E., J. Campbell, C. Griffin, H. Kaya & A. Peters, 2006. Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 38 (1): 66-79.
• Marchand, P. A., 2023. EU Chemical Plant Protection Products in 2023: Current State and Perspectives. Agrochemicals, 2 (1): 106-117.
• Maru, A. K., A. U. Siddiqui, A. Parihar & S. K. Sharma, 2016. Shelf life of different formulations of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae STSLU. Current Nematology, 27 (2): 143-146.
• Ringer, S., 1882. Concerning the influence exerted by each of the constituents of the blood on the contraction of the ventricle. The Journal of Physiology, 3 (5-6): 380.
• Şahin, Y. S., A. Boucharı, T.C. Ulu, B. Sadiç & A. Susurluk, 2018. New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 305-312.
• Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., D. H. Gouge, S. J. Piggott & J. P. Fife, 2006. Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Biological Control, 38 (1): 124-133.
• Sharma, M. P., A. N. Sharma & S. S. Hussaini, 2011. Entomopathogenic nematodes, a potential microbial biopesticide: mass production and commercialisation status-a mini review. Archives of Phytopathology & Plant Protection, 44 (9): 855-870.
• Sharmila, R. & S. Subramanian, 2016. Effect of storage temperature on survival and ınfectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Madras Agricultural Journal, 103 (4-6): 146-149.
• Stevens, G., H. Erdogan, E. Pimentel, J. Dotson, A. Stevens, D. Shapiro-Ilan, F. Kaplan, P. Schliekelman & E. Lewis, 2023. Group joining behaviours in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema glaseri. Biological Control, 181 (5): 105220.
• Susurluk, A. & A. K Bütüner, 2024. The role of drought in the efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 48 (1): 103-110.
• Susurluk, A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
• Susurluk, A., 2008. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 81 (4): 221-225.
• Susurluk, I. A. & T. C. Ulu, 2015. Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae. Helminthologia, 52 (2): 118-122.
• Tarasco, E., E. Fanelli, C. Salvemini, Y. El-Khoury, A. Troccoli, A. Vovlas & F. De Luca, 2023. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria: from genes to field uses. Frontiers in Insect Science, 3: 1195254 (1-13).
• Ulu, T. C. & H. Erdoğan, 2023. Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter. Biological Control, 182 (6): 105240.
• Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11 (1): 4-10.
• Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2024. In vitro liquid culture production and post-production pathogenicity of the hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH strain. Crop Protection, 175: 106443 (1-7).
• Ulu, T. C., 2023. Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (3): 339-349.
• Ulu, T. C., B. Sadic & I. A. Susurluk, 2016. Effects of different pesticides on virulence and mortality of some entomopathogenic nematodes. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 13 (1): 111-115.
• Vashisth, S., Y. S. Chandel & P. K. Sharma, 2013. Entomopathogenic nematodes-A review. Agricultural Reviews, 34 (3): 163-175.
• White, G. F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective juveniles from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
• Yang, L., X. He, S. Ru & Y. Zhang, 2024. Herbicide leakage into seawater impacts primary productivity and zooplankton globally. Nature Communications, 15 (1): 1783.