Farklı partikül boyutlarına sahip yerel diatom toprağı kompozisyonların depolanmış tahıl zararlılarına karşı insektisidal etkinliği

Year 2024, , 353 - 365, 16.10.2024

Songül Henteş , Ali Arda Işıkber

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1518849

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı diyatomit bileşimlerine ve partikül boyutlarına sahip yerel diyatom toprağı (DE) karışımının depolanmış tahıl zararlıları Sitophilus oryzae L, 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum du Val, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ve Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) erginlerine karşı etkinliği 2023 yılında KSÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Entomoloji Laboratuvarında araştırılmıştır. Biyolojik testlerde, DE karışımı ve orijinal DE'nin (≤ 250 µm) farklı partikül boyutlarının (≤ 20, 20-75, 75-150 ve ≥ 150 µm) 500 ve 1000 ppm konsantrasyonları (mg DE/kg buğday) buğdaya uygulanmıştır. Test edilen tüm böcek türleri için 500 ppm'de en yüksek ölüm yüzdesi ≤20 µm DE uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. 1000 ppm'de, T. confusum ve S. oryzae için neredeyse tüm partikül boyutu DE uygulamalarında %100 ölüm gözlenirken, hiçbir yerel DE uygulaması R. dominica erginleri için %100 ölümle sonuçlanmamıştır. Ayrıca, S. oryzae ve R. dominica için F1 nesli ergin sayısındaki en büyük azalma 500 ve 1000 ppm'de ≤20 µm DE uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ≤ 20 µm partikül boyutuna sahip yerel DE karışımı uygulamalarının depolanmış tahıl zararlılarının kontrolünde oldukça etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Diatomit kompozisyonu, yerel diatomit toprağı, partikül büyüklüğü, depolanmış tahıl zararlıları

Insecticidal efficacy of local diatomaceous earth compositions with different particle sizes against stored grain pests

Abstract

In this study, the efficacy of a mixture of local diatomaceous earth (DE) with different diatomite compositions and particle sizes against stored-grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum du Val, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) adults was investigated in 2023 in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, KSU. In biological tests, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations (mg DE/kg wheat) of different particle sizes (≤ 20, 20-75, 75-150, and ≥ 150 µm) of DE mixture and original DE (≤ 250 µm) were applied to wheat. The highest mortality rate for all insect species tested at 500 ppm was obtained from DE treatments of ≤20 µm. At 1000 ppm, 100% mortality was observed for T. confusum and S. oryzae in almost all particle size DE-treatments, whereas no local DE treatments resulted in 100% mortality for R. dominica adults. Moreover, the greatest reduction in the number of F1 generation adults for S. oryzae and R. dominica was obtained in the DE treatment of ≤20 µm at 500 and 1000 ppm. In conclusion, local DE mixture treatments with ≤ 20 µm particle size were found to be highly effective in the control of stored-grain pests.

Keywords

Diatomite composition, local diatomaceous earth, particle size, stored-grain insect pests

References

• Abbott, W. S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18 (28): 65-267.
• Alagöz, V., 2016. Insecticidal Activity of Various Turkish Diatomaceous Earths against Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum du Val.) on Paddy and Rice. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, (Unpublished) Master Thesis, Tekirdağ. 59 pp. (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Aldryhim, Y. N., 1990. Efficacy of the amorphous silica dust, Dryacide, against Tribolium confusum Duv. and Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 26 (4): 207-210.
• Alkan, M. & A. Gökçe, 2012. Contact and behavioural effects of stem and flower extracts of Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) DRUCE (Asteraceae) on Sitophilus granarius and Sitophilus oryzae (Col., Curculionidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36 (3): 377-389.
• Anonymous, 1991. EPA R.E.D. FACTS: Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel: 21T-1021, 1-4, September 1991.
• Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32 (4): 293-302.
• Arthur, F. H., 2000. Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of temperature and relative humidity. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93 (2): 526-532.
• Arthur, F. H., R. C. Bautista & T. J. Siebenmorgen, 2007. Influence of growing location and cultivar on Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infestation of rough rice. Insect Science, 14 (3): 231-239.
• Athanassiou, C. G., B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas, N. G. Kavallieratos, A. S. Papagregoriou & C. Th. Buchelos,. 2005. Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41 (1): 47-55.
• Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos & C. M. Meletsis, 2007. Insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations, applied alone or in combination, against three stored-product beetle species on wheat and maize. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43 (4): 330-334.
• Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, B. J. Vayias & E. C. Panoussakis, 2008. Influence of grain type on the susceptibility of different Sitophilus oryzae (L.) populations, obtained from different rearing media to three diatomaceous earth formulations. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44 (3): 279-284.
• Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, B. J. Vayias, Z. Tomanovi, C. A. Petrovic, V. Rozman, C. Adler, Z. Korunic & D. Milovanovic, 2011. Laboratory evaluation of diatomaceous earth deposits mined from several locations in central and southeastern Europe as potential protectants against Coleopteran grain pests. Crop Protection, 30 (3): 329-339.
• Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, F. C. Tsaganou, B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas & C. T. Buchelos, 2003. Effect of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of SilicoSec against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Crop Protection, 22 (10): 1141-1147.
• Bağrıaçık, O., 2020. Efficacy of Crop Surface Application of Local Diatomaceous Earth on Wheat and Maize against Some Stored Grain Pests. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, (Unpublished) Master Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, 85 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Baliota, G. V. & C. G. Athanassiou, 2020. Evaluation of a Greek diatomaceous earth for stored product insect control and techniques that maximize its insecticidal efficacy. Applied Sciences, 10 (18): 6441.
• Bayram, A., 2019. Determination of the Repellent Effect of Local Diatom Earths against Some Stored Grain Pests. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection (Unpublished) Master Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, 69 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Benhalima, H., M. Q. Chaudhry, K. A Mills & N. R. Price, 2004. Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects collected from various grain storage facilities in Morocco. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (3): 241-249
• Doğanay, S. I., 2013. Determination of the Effectiveness of Various Diatomaceous Earths Against Stored Grain Pests, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, (Unpublished) Master Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, 55 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Ebeling, W., 1971. Sorptive dust for pest control. Annual Review of Entomology, 16 (1): 123-158
• FAOSTAT, 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (Web page: http://faostat.fao.org/site) (Date accessed: 18.03.2024).
• FDA (Food and Drug Administration, USA), 1995. Specifications for diatomaceous earths as a maximum 2% animal feed additive. 21 CFR Section 573.340.
• Fields, P. G., 1992. The control of stored-product insects and mites with extreme temperatures. Journal of Stored Products Research, 28 (2): 89-118.
• Greenspan, L., 1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards-A. Physics and Chemistry, 81A (1): 89-96.
• Kavallieratos, N. G., C. G. Athanassiou, B. J. Vayias & S. N. Maistrou, 2007. Influence of temperature on susceptibility of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) populations to three modified diatomaceous earth formulations. Florida Entomologist, 90 (4): 616-625.
• Korunic, Z. & P. G. Fields 2006. “Susceptibility of three species of Sitophilus to diatomaceous earth, 681-686”. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection (Eds. İ. Lorini, B. Bacaltchuk, H. Beckel, D. Deckers E. Sundfeld, J. P dos Santos, J. D. Biagi, J. C. D'A., Celaro, L. R. Faroni, L. Bortolini, de O. F. M. R. Sartori, M. C Elias, R. N. C Guedes, da R. G. Fonseca & V. M. Scussel) (15-18 October, 2006, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil), Brazilian Post-Harvest Association, Campinas, Brazil, 1359 pp.
• Korunić, Z. & P. Ormesher, 1998. “Evaluation and standardized testing of diatomaceous earth, 738-744”. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection (14-19 October 1998, Beijing, China), 2003 pp.
• Korunic, Z., 1997. Rapid assessment of the insecticidal value of diatomaceous earths without conducting bioassays. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33 (3): 219-229.
• Korunic, Z., 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of Stored Products Research, 34 (3-4): 87-97.
• Korunic, Z., 2013. Diatomaceous earths-Natural insecticides. Pesticides Phytomedicine, 28 (2): 77-95.
• Mason, L. J. & M. McDonough, 2012. Biology, behavior, and ecology of stored grain and legume insects. Stored Product Protection, 1 (7): 7-20.
• McLaughlin, A., 1994. “Laboratory trials on desiccant dust insecticides, 638-645”. In: Proceedings 6th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection, Canberra, Australia, 1312 pp.
• Phillips, T. W. & J. E. Throne, 2010. Biorational approaches to managing stored-product insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 55 (2010): 375-397.
• Pimentel, M. A., F. H. Faroni, da Silva, M. D. Batista & R. N. Guedes, 2010. Spread of phosphine resistance among Brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects. Neotropical Entomology, 39 (1): 101-107
• Quarles, W., 1992. Diatomaceous earth for pest control. IPM Practitioner, 14 (5/6): 1-11.
• Reichmuth, Ch., M. Schöller & Ch. Ulrichs, 2007. Stored Product Pests in Grain. Morphology- Biology-Damage-Control. AgroConcept Verlagsgesellschaft, Bonn, 170 pp.
• Robinson, W. H., 2005. Handbook of Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 472 pp.
• Saez, A. & V. H. Fuentes Mora, 2007. Comparison of the desiccation effects of marine and freshwater diatomaceous earths on insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43 (4): 404-409.
• Sağlam, Ö., A. Bayram, A. A. Işıkber, R. Şen, H. Bozkurt & S. Henteş, 2022. Insecticidal and repellency effects of a Turkish diatomaceous earth formulation (Detech®) on adults of three important pests of stored grain. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (1): 75-88.
• SAS, 2009. SAS Institute Inc./ STAT R User’s Guide, Version 6, 4th Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
• Subramanyam Bh. & R. Roesli. 2000. “Inert Dusts, 321-373”. In: Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored- Product IPM. (Eds. Bh. Subramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 429 pp.
• Vayias, B. J., C. G. Athanassiou, Z. Korunic & V. Rozman, 2009. Evaluation of natural diatomaceous earth deposits from south‐eastern Europe for stored‐grain protection: The effect of particle size. Pest Management Science: Formerly Pesticide Science, 65 (10): 1118-1123.
• Wijayaratne, L. K. W. & R. H. S. Rajapakse, 2018. Effects of Spinosad on heat tolerance and cold tolerance of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 77 (2018): 84-88.
• Zettler, L. J. & D. W Keever, 1994. Phosphine resistance in cigarette beetle (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) associated with tobacco storage in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87 (3): 546-550.
• Zettler, L. J. & G. W. Cuperus, 1990 Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (5): 1677-1681.
• Ziaee, M., S. Moharramipour & K. Dadkhahipour, 2013. Effect of particle size of two Iranian diatomaceous earth deposits and a commercial product on Sitophilus granarius (Col.: Dryophthoridae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 33 (2): 9-17.