Seasonal occurrence and prevalence of the invasive spider mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) and the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) in citrus-growing and recreational areas of Adana (Türkiye)

Year 2025, Volume: 49 Issue: 2, 89 - 102, 25.06.2025

Kemal Yalçın , Cengiz Kazak

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1635487

Abstract

In this study, surveys were conducted every two or three weeks to evaluate the prevalence of the invasive spider mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) and the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), as well as their population developments in citrus and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) growing in recreational (non agricultural - residential) areas in Adana between 2019 and 2022. The host preference of E. orientalis varied among citrus species, with the pest predominantly found on lemons (C. limon (L.) Burm. f.) (62%), followed by oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) (26%) and mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) (12%), but no infestations were recorded on grapefruits (C. paradisi Macf.). Similarly, P. citri was most commonly observed on lemons (58%), followed by mandarins (19%), oranges (17%), and grapefruits (6%). The highest E. orientalis population densities were observed in December, while the pest was either absent or at low densities during the summer. Regardless of citrus species, P. citri did not establish noticeable populations in any of the orchards where E. orientalis was detected. On sour orange, E. orientalis showed a similar seasonal abundance to those observed in other citrus species, whereas P. citri was unable to establish a population. Likewise, the majority of E. orientalis preferred to feed and colonize on the adaxial side of the leaf in all citrus species. Predatory mite populations remained at low densities across all sampling sites and did not exhibit a consistent population pattern. Regarding the population developments of E. orientalis, the most frequent Phytoseiidae species were Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot, 1958) and Typhlodromus athiasae Porath & Swirski, 1965 (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae).

Keywords

Citrus , Eutetranychus orientalis , Panonychus citri , population dynamics , seasonal abundance

Ethical Statement

This manuscript contains original data that has not been submitted to any other journals. It does not violate any copyright or other personal proprietary right of any person or entity and it contains no abusive, defamatory, obscene or fraudulent statements, nor any other statements that are unlawful in any way. This study does not involve human subjects.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Çukurova University, Scientific Research Unit, Adana, Türkiye, Grant Project No: FDK-2019-12091

Project Number

Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) Project No: FDK-2019-12091

Thanks

This article was a part of the PhD thesis of the first author. This study was supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Çukurova University with project number FDK-2019-12091. We thank Dr. İsmail Döker for his contribution to the identification of predatory mite species.

Adana ili (Türkiye) turunçgil yetiştirilen ve rekreasyon alanlarında istilacı akar türü Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) ve turunçgil kırmızı örümceği Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)'nin mevsimsel görülme sıklığı ve yaygınlığı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Adana ilinde turunçgil yetiştiriciliği yapılan bahçeler ve rekreasyon amaçlı turunç (Citrus aurantium L.) yetiştirilen alanlarda Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) ve turunçgil kırmızı örümceği Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)’nin yaygınlığı ve popülasyon gelişmelerinin belirlenmesi için 2019 - 2022 yılları arasında iki–üç haftada bir alınan örnekler ile periyodik surveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. E. orientalis'in konukçu tercihi turunçgil türlerine göre değişiklik göstermiş, zararlının bulaşıklığı en çok limonlarda (C. limon (L.) Burm. f.) (%62) saptanmış, bunu portakal (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) (%26) ve mandalina (C. reticulata Blanco) (%12) izlemiş; greyfurt (C. paradisi Macf.) bahçelerinde ise zararlıya rastlanmamıştır. Benzer şekilde, P. citri bulaşıklığı da en yüksek limonda (%58) gerçekleşmiş, bunu mandalina (%19), portakal (%17) ve greyfurt (%6) izlemiştir. Eutetranychus orientalis popülasyon yoğunlukları en yüksek Aralık ayında gözlenirken yaz aylarında zararlı popülasyonuna ya hiç rastlanmamış ya da düşük yoğunluklarda bulunmuştur. Turunçgil türlerinden bağımsız olarak P. citri, E. orientalis saptanan bahçelerin hiçbirinde yüksek popülasyonlar oluşturmamıştır. Eutetranychus orientalis turunçta diğer turunçgil türlerine benzer bir populasyon gelişmesi göstermiş, P. citri popülasyon oluşturamamıştır. Benzer şekilde tüm turunçgil türlerinde E. orientalis popülasyonunun çoğunluğu yaprak üst yüzeyinde beslenmeyi ve koloni oluşturmayı tercih etmiştir. Avcı akar popülasyonları tüm örnekleme alanlarında düşük yoğunluklarda kalarak tutarlı bir popülasyon gerlişmesi göstermemiştir. Eutetranychus orientalis popülasyon gelişmesinin izlendiği bahçelerde en sık görülen Phytoseiidae türleri Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot, 1958) ve Typhlodromus athiasae Porath & Swirski, 1965 (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) olmuştur.

Keywords

Turunçgil , Eutetranychus orientalis , Panonychus citri , popülasyon dinamiği , sezonsal bolluk

Project Number

Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) Project No: FDK-2019-12091

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