Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and crude secondary metabolites against Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann,1974) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Vuillemin, 1912) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds, particularly secondary metabolites. This study, conducted in 2024 at Trabzon Forest Pests and Biological Control Laboratory, aimed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of a crude ethyl acetate extract of its secondary metabolites against Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann, 1794) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae and its antimicrobial activities. Pa-4 strain caused 100% mortality of D. micans larvae within ten days of 1 × 109 spores/mL, and the LC50 value was determined to be 1.63 × 105 spores/mL. The crude secondary metabolites extract concentration was 0.065 g/mL in the biomass and insoluble residues (mycelial extract) and 0.68 g/mL in the supernatant. The LC50 value for micelle-extract was 1019 ppm, while for the supernatant extract it was 1382 ppm (p<0.05). The antimicrobial activity of the crude secondary metabolites mycelial extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, with a diameter of 9.73 mm, followed by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (9.28 mm), and Candida albicans ATCC 10351 (6.94 mm) (p<0.001). This study suggests that the Pa-4 strain and crude secondary metabolites extract could be potential agents for the biological control of D. micans and antimicrobial properties.

Keywords

• Biological control
• crude extract
• entomopathogenic fungus
• ethyl acetate
• forest pest management

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) ve ham sekonder metabolitin Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann,1974) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’a karşı patojenitesi

Öz

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Vuillemin, 1912) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), özellikle sekonder metabolitleri ile doğal biyolojik aktif bileşiklerin önemli bir kaynağıdır. Bu çalışma, 2024 yılında Trabzon Orman Zararlıları ile Biyolojik Mücadele Laboratuvarı'nda yapılmış olup, B. bassiana’nın Pa-4 suşunun Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann, 1794) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvalarına karşı etil asetat ekstraktının insektisidal etkinliği ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Pa-4 suşu, 1 × 10⁹ spor/mL’lik konsantrasyonda, D. micans larvalarında on gün içinde %100 mortaliteye yol açtı ve LC₅₀ değeri 1.63 × 10⁵ spor/mL olarak belirlendi. Ham sekonder metabolitler ekstraktının konsantrasyonu biyokütle ve çözünmeyen kalıntılarda (miseliyal ekstrat) 0.065 g/mL, süpernatantta ise 0.68 g/mL olarak ölçüldü. Misel ekstraktının LC₅₀ değeri 1019 ppm, süpernatant ekstraktının ise 1382 ppm olarak belirlendi (p<0.05). Ham sekonder metabolitler miseliyal ekstraktının antimikrobiyal aktivitesi, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299’a karşı 9.73 mm çapında en büyük inhibisyon zonunu gösterirken, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (9.28 mm) ve Candida albicans ATCC 10351 (6.94 mm) içinde etkili oldu (p<0.001). Bu çalışma, Pa-4 suşu ve ham sekonder metabolitler ekstraktının D. micans’ın biyolojik mücadelesi ve antimikrobiyal özellikler için potansiyel ajanlar olabileceğini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele
• entomopatojenik fungus
• etil asetat
• ham ekstrakt
• orman zararlıları ile mücadele

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