Effect of green manure on nematode populations in onion production

Abstract

Allium cepa L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae) is an essential crop for human nutrition. Besides its nutritional properties, it holds an important place due to its immune-boosting effects. The effect of green manure treatments with three biofumigant plant species for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes, which cause economic losses in onion production, has been investigated. Forage turnip, Brassica rapa L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), brown mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and common vetch, Vicia sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) were grown before onion production and incorporated into the soil in May-June in the study undertaken in a grower field in Karaman Province in 2021-2024. Total plant-parasitic nematode numbers were between 0-270.9 nematodes/100 g dry soil in green manure treatments. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) (35%), Pratylenchus spp. Filipjev, 1936 (Rhabditida: Pratylenchidae) (29%), Heterodera spp. Schmidt, 1871 (Rhabditida: Heteroderidae) (3%), Paratylenchus spp. Micoletzky, 1922 (Rhabditida: Tylenchulidae) (22%), Geocenamus spp. Thorne & Malek, 1968 (Rhabditida: Dolicodoridae) (8%) and Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Rhabditida: Hoplolaimidae) (3%) were the plant parasitic nematodes. The most abundant plant parasitic nematodes were Ditylenchus dipsaci and Pratylenchus spp. Nematode populations did not differ by green manure treatments while they were affected by precipitation and varied among growing years.

Keywords

• Biofumigation
• cultural management
• green manure
• plant parasitic nematodes
• population development

Soğan yetiştiriciliğinde yeşil gübrelemenin nematod popülasyonları üzerindeki etkisi

Öz

Allium cepa L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae) insan beslenmesinde vazgeçilmez ürünlerden birdir. Besleyici özelliklerinin yanında bağışıklığı destekleyici etkileri nedeniyle önemli bir yere sahiptir. Soğan üretiminde ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bitki paraziti nematodların kontrolü için biyofumigasyon etkinliği bulunan üç bitki türü ile yeşil gübreleme uygulamalarının etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Karaman İli’nde üretici tarlasında 2021-2024 yıllarında yapılan çalışmada soğan üretimi öncesi yem şalgamı, Brassica rapa L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), kahverengi hardal, Brassica juncea (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) ve adi fiğ, Vicia sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) bitkileri yetiştirilerek Mayıs-Haziran ayında toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda toplam bitki paraziti nematod sayıları 0-270.9 nematod/ 100 g kuru toprak olarak elde edilmiştir. Tespit edilen bitki paraziti nematodlar; Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) (%35), Pratylenchus spp. Filipjev, 1936 (Rhabditida: Pratylenchidae) (%29), Heterodera spp. Schmidt, 1871 (Rhabditida: Heteroderidae) (%3), Paratylenchus spp. Micoletzky, 1922 (Rhabditida: Tylenchulidae) (%19), Geocenamus spp. Thorne & Malek, 1968 (Rhabditida: Dolicodoridae) (%2) ve Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Rhabditida: Hoplolaimidae) (%3) olup; en baskın nematod türleri ise Ditylenchus dipsaci ve Pratylenchus spp. olarak belirlenmiştir. Nematod popülasyonları yeşil gübre uygulamalarına göre farklılık göstermezken, yağış miktarından önemli oranda etkilenmiş ve yıllara göre değişiklik göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyofumigasyon
• kültürel mücadele
• yeşil gübre
• bitki paraziti nematodlar
• popülasyon gelişimi

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