Effects of biological and environmental factors on the parasitism performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract

This study was conducted in 2024 at the Insect Rearing Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of temperature, photoperiod, host density, female age and female density on the performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs as host. The results indicated that temperature had a significant effect on parasitoid performance. The highest fecundity and female longevity were obtained at 25°C, whereas adult emergence declined at 30°C. Photoperiod also influenced parasitoid performance, and the highest parasitism level was recorded under the 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. Continuous darkness resulted in a higher proportion of female offspring compared with other photoperiod conditions. Host density also affected parasitism performance, and higher parasitism levels were observed at host densities of 100 and 150 eggs. Female age and female density influenced parasitoid performance. The highest fecundity was observed in one-day-old females, whereas fecundity declined with increasing female age. In addition, parasitism per female decreased as female density increased, while higher female emergence rates were obtained at low female densities.

Keywords

• Ephestia kuehniella
• fecundity
• photoperiod
• temperature
• Trichogramma evanescens

Biyolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)’in parazitleme performansı üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sıcaklık, fotoperiyot, konukçu yoğunluğu, ergin dişi yaşı ve ergin dişi yoğunluğunun Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)’in performansı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla, konukçu olarak Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) yumurtaları kullanılarak 2024 yılında Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Böcek Yetiştirme Laboratuvarı’nda kontrollü laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar sıcaklığın parazitoit performansı üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek fekondite ve dişi ömrü 25°C’de elde edilirken, ergin çıkışının 30°C’de azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Fotoperiyotun da parazitoit performansını etkilediği ve en yüksek parazitleme oranının 16:8 (A:K) fotoperiyodunda gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Sürekli karanlık koşullarında ise diğer fotoperiyotlara kıyasla daha yüksek dişi oranı elde edilmiştir. Konukçu yoğunluğunun da parazitleme performansını etkilediği ve 100 ile 150 yumurta yoğunluklarında daha yüksek parazitlenme oranının elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ergin dişi yaşı ve ergin dişi yoğunluğunun da parazitoit performansını etkilediği görülmüştür. En yüksek fekondite bir günlük dişilerde gözlenirken, dişi yaşı arttıkça fekonditenin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında ergin dişi yoğunluğu arttıkça dişi başına düşen parazitleme miktarı azalırken, düşük dişi yoğunluklarında daha yüksek dişi çıkış oranları elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Ephestia kuehniella
• fekondite
• fotoperiyot
• sıcaklık
• Trichogramma evanescens

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