Molecular evaluation of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations from Türkiye

Abstract

Chemical control has long been an effective strategy against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); however, insecticide resistance increasingly complicates field management. Although the use of many organophosphate (OP) insecticides has been restricted in Türkiye, some active ingredients, such as pirimiphos-methyl, are still permitted. Moreover, no updated data on resistance in field populations have been reported in the past decade. In this study, the frequency of the F331W mutation, associated with OP and carbamate resistance, was investigated in B. tabaci populations sampled in 2023 from the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Türkiye using the PCR-RFLP method and a large sample size. Of 360 individuals, 194 had the RR genotype and 166 had the RS genotype, while no SS genotype was detected. The overall frequency of the resistance-associated allele was 76.94%. Although this frequency was slightly higher in the Mediterranean region (78.61%) than in the Aegean region (75.28%), the difference was not statistically significant. The findings indicate that this allele is widespread in major agricultural production areas and appears to be fixed in some populations, particularly in Antalya and Muğla. These results emphasize the need for integrated pest management strategies, including the rotation of insecticides with different modes of action.

Keywords

• Acetylcholinesterase
• Whitefly
• F331W
• Insecticide resistance
• Türkiye

Supporting Institution

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Research Support and Funding Office (RSFO)

Project Number

123Z722 - 23/161/01/1/5

Thanks

This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 123Z722 and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Research Support and Funding Office (RSFO) under Grant Number 23/161/01/1/5. The authors thank TUBITAK and MSKÜ RSFO for their support.

Türkiye’deki Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) popülasyonlarında organofosfat ve karbamat direncinin moleküler değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Kimyasal mücadele, uzun süredir Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)’ye karşı etkili bir strateji olmuştur; ancak insektisit direnci, zararlı yönetimini giderek zorlaştırmaktadır. Türkiye’de birçok organofosfat (OP) böcek ilacının kullanımı kısıtlanmış olsa da pirimifos-metil gibi bazı etken maddelerin kullanımına izin verilmektedir. Ayrıca, son on yılda tarla popülasyonlarındaki dirençle ilgili güncel veriler bildirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, OP ve karbamat direnciyle ilişkili F331W mutasyonunun sıklığı, 2023 yılında Türkiye'nin Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinden örneklenen B. tabaci popülasyonlarında PCR-RFLP yöntemi ve geniş bir örneklem kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. 360 bireyin 194’ünün RR, 166’sının RS genotipinde olduğu belirlenmiş ve SS genotipi saptanmamıştır. Dirençle ilişkili alelin genel frekansı %76,94'tür. Akdeniz bölgesinde (%78,61) dirençle ilişkili alelin frekansı Ege bölgesine (%75,28) göre biraz daha yüksek olsa da bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Bulgular dirençle ilişkili alelin başlıca tarımsal üretim alanlarında yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu alel, özellikle Antalya ve Muğla'daki bazı popülasyonlarda sabitlenmiş görünmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, farklı etki mekanizmalarına sahip insektisitlerin dönüşümlü kullanımı da dahil olmak üzere entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejilerine duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Asetilkolinesteraz
• Bemisia tabaci
• F331W
• İnsektisit direnci
• Türkiye

Project Number

123Z722 - 23/161/01/1/5

Thanks

This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 123Z722 and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Research Support and Funding Office (RSFO) under Grant Number 23/161/01/1/5. The authors thank TUBITAK and MSKÜ RSFO for their support.

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