Şanlıurfa ili Şeker pancarı üretim alanlarında yeni bir zararlı; Şeker pancarı kist nematodu, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt (Nemata: Heteroderidae)

Öz

Şeker pancarı kist nematodu, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt (Nemata: Heteroderidae), şeker pancarı üretim alanlarında önemli bir zararlı olup, epidemi yaptığında %10-70 arasında bir ürün kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Günümüzde H. schachtii 50’den fazla ülkede yaygın olarak bulunmakla birlikte, Türkiye’de H. schachtii araştırmaları oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, 2014 ve 2015 üretim sezonunda Şanlıurfa ili şekerpancarı üretim alanlarında H. schachtii’nin surveyi ve teşhisi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Şanlıurfa ilinde üç farklı lokasyonda; Bozova, Karaköprü ve Siverek ilçelerinden alınan on iki örnek, morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle H. schachtii olarak tanımlanmıştır. Koch postülat testinde, beyaz H. schachtii dişileri inokülasyondan sonra 25. günde kist oluşturmuş, çimlenmede gecikme ve azalma olup, filizlenmede nekroz ve bodurlaşma görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çalışmada, filogenetik analiz yapılmış, Şanlıurfa ilinden toplanan H. schachtii popülasyonlarının Avrupa ve Fas popülasyonları ile %99 oranında benzerlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Şekerpancarı, yıllık 16 milyon tondan fazla üretimi ile Türkiye’de ikinci en fazla üretilen ürün olma özelliğinde olup, bu çalışma, Türkiye’de Şanlıurfa ili şekerpancarı üretim alanlarında şekerpancarı kist nematodu, H. schachtii için ilk kayıt niteliğindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kist nematodu
• teşhis
• filogenetik analiz
• şekerpancarı

First report of sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) in sugar beet growing areas of Şanlıurfa, Turkey

Abstract

The sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii, is the major pest of sugar beet and causes serious yield losses of about 10-70%. Heterodera schachtii occurs in more than 50 countries and regions, however, there has be limited investigation of H. schachtii in Turkey. Therefore, a survey of H. schachtii in the sugar beet producing regions of Şanlıurfa was conducted in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Using morphological and molecular methods, 12 samples collected from three districts, Bozova, Karaköprü and Siverek, in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey, were identified as H. schachtii. In pathogenicity test, the seedling emergence was delayed and reduced, the seedlings were stunted and necrotic, and the white females of H. schachtii were evident 25 days after inoculation. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted. The 12 H. schachtii populations from Şanlıurfa Province clustered together with populations from Europe and Morocco at the value of 99%. Sugar beet is the second largest crop in Turkey with the annual production of more 16 Mt. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of H. schachtii in Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey.

Keywords

• Cyst nematode
• identification
• phylogenetic analyses
• sugar beet

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