Şeftali meyve sineği, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae) mücadelesinde bitkisel ekstraktların insektisidal potansiyeli

Öz

Pakistan'da Himalaya’nın düşük rakımlı bölgelerinde yetişen, Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn.(Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) ve Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae) bitkilerinin metanolik ekstraktlarının %2’lik konsantrasyonlarının Şeftali meyve sineği Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae)’ne karşı etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Tagetes minuta ekstraktı, erkek meyve sineklerine karşı maksimum %73 ölüm oranı gösterirken, dişilerde en fazla ölüm oranı sadece %16.6 ile C. camphora ve I. rugosus ekstraktlarından elde edilmiştir. Maksimum uzaklaştırıcı etkiye %44.4 ile B. albiflora, bunu takiben %42 ile D. mucronata ekstraktları sahip olurken en az sayıda sinek diğerlerine kıyasla bu iki bitki ekstraktında saptanmıştır. En düşük pupa sayısı %3.3 ile T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden toplanırken; bu oran uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan elde edilen %62.6’lık pupa oranına göre önemli derecede düşük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Erginlerin en düşük sayıları (%0.33), T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden elde edilirken, uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan %45.3 oranında ergin elde edilmiştir. Pupaların engellenmesi oranı, en yüksek (%94.6) T. minuta ekstraktından elde edilmiştir. Erginlerin ortaya çıkışının engellenmesi %99.2 ile T. minuta ekstraktı için en yüksek olmuştur. Uygulanan diğer bitki ekstraktlarına kıyasla maksimum insektisit potansiyeline sahip olduğu için, T. minuta meyve sineği B. zonata' ya karşı etkili bir pestisit kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Sonuçlar bitki bazlı insektisitlerin B. zonata'ya karşı entegre zararlı mücadele stratejilerine dahil edilmesinin potansiyel faydaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bactrocera zonata
• bitkisel insektisitler
• insektisidal aktivitesi

The insecticidal potential of botanical extracts for management of Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842

Abstract

Methanolic extracts of Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. (Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) and Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae), grown in lower Himalayan regions of Pakistan were evaluated at 2% concentration against Peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae). Tagetes minuta extract showed maximum of 73% mortality against male fruit flies and in case of female maximum mortality shown by C. camphora and I. rugosus was only 16.6%. Boenninghausenia albiflora extract had maximum repellence of 44.4% followed by 42% by D. mucronata extract and the minimum number of flies were settled on these two plant extracts as compared to the others. The lowest number of pupae 3.3% as collected from guavas treated with T. minuta extract; this was significantly lower than the 62.6% pupae recovered from untreated guavas. The lowest numbers of adults (0.33%) were recovered from guavas treated with T. minuta extract compared to 45.3% adults from untreated guavas. The pupae inhibition was highest (94.6%) for T. minuta extract. Inhibition of adult emergence was highest i.e. 99.2% for T. minuta extract. Tagetes minuta can be exploited as a potent source of pesticide against fruit fly, B. zonata, due to maximum pesticidal potential as compared to all other plant extracts applied. The results are discussed in relation with potential benefits of incorporating plant based insecticides in integrated pest management strategies against B. zonata.

Keywords

• Bactrocera zonata
• botanical insecticides
• insecticidal activity

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