Bolu ili buğday alanlarında nematod biyoçeşitliliği

Year 2017, , 159 - 168, 08.06.2017

Şenol Yıldız , Mustafa İmren , Nagihan Duman

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132

Cited By: 8

Abstract

Tarım arazileri hem bitki paraziti nematodlar hem de serbest yaşayan
yararlı nematodları birlikte barındırmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodlar bitki
kalite parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz etkiler doğururken, serbest yaşayan
nematodlar ise yaşamsal faaliyetleri sonucu olumlu etkilere sahiptir.
Dolayısıyla, çalışma hem bitki paraziti nematodların çeşitlilik yapısı hem de
yararlı nematodların çeşitlilik yapısını incelemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu
amaçla, 2015 yılında Bolu ili buğday alanlarından toprak örnekleri toplanmıştır.
Bolu ili rakım farklılıkları göz önüne alınarak iki farklı alt-bölgeye
ayrılmıştır. Çalışma alanında, 13 bitki paraziti, 12 bakterivor, 4 fungivor, 4
predatör ve 10 omnivor gruba ait olmak üzere, toplam 43 nematod taksonu tespit
edilmiştir. Nematod trofik gruplarının oransal dağılımlarına göre,
bakterivorların baskın olduğu bir kommunite yapısına sahip olduğunu, bunu bitki
parazitleri, fungivorlar, omnivorlar izlemiş, predatörler ise oldukça düşük bir
orana sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Serbest yaşayan nematodlardan, özellikle temel
fauna bileşeni olan bakterivor ve iri cüsseli omnivore nematodların hem
çeşitlilik hem de yoğunluk bakımından iyi durumda olduğu görülmüştür. Genel kommunite
ve nematode maturity indisleri her iki alt-bölgeden alınan toprak örnekleri
için hesaplanmış, indis değerleri arasında ise istatistikî olarak bir
farklılığın görülmediği, dar bir aralıkta dağıldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma
sonuçlarına göre, nematode biyoçeşitlilik yapısına dayanılarak elde edilen
bilgiler ışığında, Bolu ili buğday alanlarındaki toprak besin ağı orta ve iyi
dereceler arasında yer aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.    

Keywords

Biyoindikatör, çeşitlilik, nematodlar, trofik grup, buğday

Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey

Abstract

Agricultural fields usually contain both plant parasitic and
beneficial free-living nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes have a negative
impact on plant productivity and quality traits, whereas free-living nematodes
can have beneficial effects on the agricultural soils health. This study was
conducted to investigate the diversity of both plant parasitic nematodes and
beneficial free-living nematode. Soil samples were collected in 2015 from wheat
growing areas of Bolu Province to investigate soil nematode diversity. Bolu
Province was divided into two sub-areas according to elevational. Forty-three
nematode taxa were found in the samples; 13 taxa plant parasites, 12
bacterivores, 4 fungivores, 10 omnivores and 4 predators. Relative distribution
of nematode trophic groups indicated a bacterivore dominated community,
followed by plant parasites, fungivores and omnivores; predators represented
only a small proportion. Free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores of
basal fauna members and large bodied omnivore members were in good condition in
abundance and diversity. General community and maturity indices were calculated
for each sample and for the two sub-areas. They produced narrow range values
with no significant differences. The study revealed that soil food web in wheat
growing areas of the province was in fair to good condition based on nematode
diversity.

Keywords

Bioindicator, diversity, nematodes, trophic groups, wheat

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