Identification and distribution of root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable growing areas of Lakes Region in Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the distribution and characterization of root-knot nematode species collected from intensively vegetable growing areas of Lakes region were determined by morphological, molecular and North Carolina Differential Host Test between September 2014 and December 2015. A total of 160 samples were collected and 83 (51.8%) were found to be infested with root-knot nematodes. Each population was cultured from a single egg mass taken from galled roots and multiplied on the susceptible tomato cv. Tueza F1. Sixty-eight populations were morphologically identified based on perineal patterns and morphometrics of second stage juveniles, and molecularly determined using species specific primers. Of the 68 populations analyzed, 66 were identified as Meloidogyne incognita (25), M. hapla (22), M. javanica (18) and M. arenaria (1), and two populations were not identified. The incidence of M. incognita, M. hapla, M. javanica and M. arenaria was 36.7, 32.3, 36.5 and 1.5%, respectively. According to the differential host test, M. incognita races 2, 4 and 6 and M. javanica races 1 and 3 were determined. This was the first detection of Meloidogyne javanica race 3 in Turkey. Eighty four percent of the M. incognita populations were found in microclimatic areas with altitudes of up to 800 m, while 16% were found at altitudes between 800 and 1035 m. Some M. javanica populations (17%) were found in high plateau fields in this region, whereas most (83%) were found in lowlands. In contrast, the large majority of M. hapla populations (91%) of were found in cool, high altitude areas with sandy soils, whereas only 9% of M. hapla populations were in lowlands.

Keywords

• Lakes Region,Meloidogyne spp.,molecular identification,morphological identification,PCR,race

Türkiye Göller Bölgesi sebze üretim alanlarında kök-ur nematodu türleri (Meloidogyne spp.)’nin tanılanması ve yaygınlıkları

Abstract

Çalışmada, Göller Bölgesi’nde yoğun sebze üretimi yapılan alanlarda, Eylül 2014 – Aralık 2015 yılları arasında toplanan kök-ur nematodu türleri morfolojik, moleküler ve Kuzey Karolina Konukçu Testi yöntemleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiş ve yayılışları belirlenmiştir. Toplam 160 adet örnek alınmış ve 83 tanesinin (%51.8) kök-ur nematodu ile bulaşık olduğu bulunmuştur. Urlu kök örneklerinden tek yumurta paketi alınarak duyarlı ‘Tueza F1’ domates çeşidinde her popülasyonun saf kültürleri oluşturulmuş ve kitle üretimleri yapılmıştır. Altmış sekiz popülasyonun tür tanımlamaları morfolojik olarak dişi bireylerin perineal bölge modelleri ve ikinci dönem larva ölçümlerinden ve moleküler olarak türe özgü spesifik primerler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tanımlanan 68 kök-ur nematodu popülasyonundan 25 adedi M. incognita, 22 adedi M. hapla, 18 adedi M. javanica ve 1 adedi de M. arenaria olarak tespit edilmiş, iki popülasyonun ise tanılamaları yapılamamıştır. Türlerin yaygınlık oranları sırasıyla, %36.7, %32.3, %26.5 ve %1.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Konukçu testine göre, M. incognita’nın ırk 2, ırk 4 ve ırk 6, M. javanica’nın ise ırk 1 ve ırk 3’ü belirlenmiş ve M. javanica ırk 3 Türkiye’de ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Meloidogyne incognita popülasyonlarının %84’ü 800 m yükseltiye sahip mikroklima bölgelerde bulunurken, %16’sı 800-1035 m yükseltiye sahip örtü altı alanlarda tespit edilmiştir. Bazı M. javanica populasyonları (%17) yüksek yayla bölgelerinde tespit edilirken, çoğu (%84) alçak yükseltiye sahip sebze alanlarında bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık M. hapla popülasyonlarının büyük çoğunluğu (%91) daha yüksek serin bölgelerde ve kumsal toprak yapısına sahip alanlarda bulunurken, sadece %9 ‘u alçak yükseltiye sahip bölgelerde bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Göller Bölgesi,Meloidogyne spp.,moleküler tanılama,morfolojik tanılama,PCR,ırk

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