Çukurova Bölgesi (Türkiye) pamuk alanlarında Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) neonikotinoid direnci

Öz

Pamuk yaprakbiti, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), pamuk tarım alanlarında ana zararlılardandır. Neonicotinoidler, Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde A. gossypii ve diğer herbivor böceklerin mücadelesinde oldukça yaygın kullanılan önemli bir insektisit grubudur. Ancak, Çukurova Bölgesi'nde A. gossypii'ye karşı bazı insektisit uygulamaları yüksek oranlarda kullanılmasına rağmen başarısız olmuştur. Bu nedenle, bu bölgedeki pamuk alanlardan 2015-2016 toplanan A. gossypii popülasyonlarında imidacloprid ve thiamethoxam dayanıklılık düzeyi belirlemek amacıyla biyoassay ve enzim analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda imidacloprid için 54.6-206.5 (dirençlilik faktörü: RF) arasında, thiamethoxam için 5.7-65.7 arasında LD50 dayanıklılık katsayıları bulunmuştur. Kürkçüler (RF 206.55) popülasyonu imidacloprid için, Körkuyu (RF 65.72) popülasyonu da thiamethoxam için en yüksek LD50 değerine sahiptir. Enzim analizi istatistiki anlamda yüksek metabolik direnci ortaya çıkarmıştır. Her iki insektisit içinde en yüksek enzim akitviteleri, karboksil esteraz enzimi Körkuyu popülasyonunda 17,8 nM/dk/mg protein, glutatyon S-transferaz (GSTs) enzimi Bahçe popülasyonunda 142,3 nM/dk/mg protein ve Körkuyu popülasyonunda 3,8 nM/dk/mg protein ile en yüksek monooksigenaz P450 enzim aktivitesi bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de neonicotinoidlere karşı A. gosyypii’de direnç gelişmesini ve bu direncin kırılması için yeni yönetim stratejilerine ihtiyaç olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphis gossypii
• biyoassay
• pamuk
• neonicotinoid
• dirençlilik

Neonicotinoid resistance of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cotton fields of Çukurova Region, Turkey

Abstract

Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest in cotton fields. Neonicotinoids are important and highly prevalent insecticides currently used against A. gossypii and other herbivorous insect pests in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. However, some insecticide applications against A. gossypii in the Çukurova Region have failed despite using high rates. Therefore, bioassays and enzyme analyses were conducted to determine resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in A. gossypii populations collected in 2015-2016 from cotton fields in this region. Resistance factors (RF) were 54.6 to 206.5 fold for imidacloprid and 5.7 to 65.7 fold for thiamethoxam. Populations from Kürkçüler (RF 206.5) had the highest LD50 for imidacloprid and from Körkuyu (RF 65.7) for thiamethoxam. Enzyme analysis revealed statistically higher metabolic resistance. Maximum enzyme activities were 17.8, 142.3 and 3.8 nM/min/mg protein for carboxylesterase for in Körkuyu, for glutathione S-transferase in Bahçe and for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in Körkuyu, respectively. This study revealed the development of resistance in A.gossypii to neonicotinoid insecticides in Turkey and the need for new management strategies to break this resistance.

Keywords

• Aphis gossypii
• biyoassay
• cotton
• neonicotinoid
• resistance

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