Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) ve biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) bitki ekstraktlarının Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) ve Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’e karşı toksik ve repellent etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, adaçayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının iki önemli predatör akara toksisitesi ve repellent etkisi incelenmiştir. Toksisite denemelerinde, predatör akarların yumurta, nimf ve ergin dönemlerine %1, 3, 6 ve 12 konsantrasyonlar yaprak disk-ilaçlama kulesi yöntemi kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Tüm ekstrakt ve kontrol denemelerinde konsantrasyonlar; on tekerrür ve her tekerrürde on birey olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemelerde bir kontrol ve dört konsantrasyon kullanılmıştır. Repellent etki denemeleri için, bitki ekstraktlarının 0.1, 1, 5 ve 10 ml/L konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Toksik etki çalışmalarında, adaçayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının en yüksek etkileri sırasıyla, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) erginlerinde %33.3 ve %33.3; Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) erginlerinde ise %62.5 ve %38.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Repellent etki çalışmalarında ise adaçayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının en büyük etkileri sırasıyla, N. californicus erginlerinde %43.7 ve %77.7; P. persimilis erginlerinde ise %50.1 ve %88.8 oranlarında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma; entegre zararlı yönetim programlarında adaçayı ekstraktının N. californicus, biberiye ekstraktının ise P. persimilis’e dayalı potansiyel kullanım olanaklarının olduğunu bildirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neoseiulus californicus
• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• bitki ekstraktı
• repellent etki
• toksik etki

Toxicity and repellency of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) extracts to Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract

        In this study the toxicity and repellency of sage and rosemary extracts to two important predator mites were examined. In the toxicity experiments, leaf disc-spray tower method was used with 1, 3, 6 and 12% extract concentrations applied to egg, immature stage and adult stages of the predatory mites. All concentrations of plant extracts and control experiments were conducted with ten replicates with ten individuals in each replicate. The experiments include one control and four concentrations of each extract. For repellency experiments, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 ml/L concentrations of plant extracts were used. In the toxicity experiments, the greatest effects of the sage and rosemary extracts were 33.3% and 33.3% toxicity to Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) adults and 62.5% and 38.4% to Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) adults, respectively. In the repellency experiments, the greatest effects of the sage and rosemary extracts were 43.7% and 77.7% repellency to N. californicus adults and 50.1% and 88.8% for P. persimilis adults, respectively. This study indicates the potential to use of sage extract in integrated pest management programs incorporating N. californicus and rosemary against P. persimilis.

Keywords

• Neoseiulus californicus
• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• plant extract
• repellency
• toxicity

References

1. Abbot, W. S., 1925. A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
2. Antonious, G. F., J. E. Meyer & J. C. Snyder, 2006. Toxicity and repellency of hot pepper extracts to spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 41: 1383-1391.
3. Antonious, G. F & J. C. Snyder, 2006. Natural products: repellency and toxicity of wild tomato leaf extracts to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 41 (3): 43-55.
4. Bernardi, D., M. Botton, U. Silva da Cunha, O. Bernardi, T. Malausa, M. S. Garcia & D. E. Nava, 2013. Effects of azadirachtin on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its compatibility with predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on strawberry. Pest Management Science, 69: 75-80.
5. Biljana, B., N. Mimica-Dukic, I. Samojlik & E. Jovin, 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55: 7879-7885.
6. Bozhüyük Usanmaz, A., A. S. Kordali, M. Kesdek, M. A. Altinok, Y. Kaya, & S. Ercisli, 2016. Toxic effects of eight plant essential oils against adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26 (3): 439-443.
7. Choi, W. I., S. G. Lee, H. M. Park & Y. J. Ahn, 2004. Toxicity of plant essential oils to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 553-558.
8. Cranham, J. & W. Helle, 1985. Pesticide resistance in Tetranychidae. Spider Mites Biology Natural Enemies Control,1: 405-421.

9. El-Sharabasy, H. M., 2010. Acaricidal activities of Artemisia judaica L. extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Tetranychidae: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Biopesticides, 3 (2): 514-51.
10. Erdogan, P., A. Yıldırım & B. Sever, 2012. Investigations on the effects of five different plant extracts on the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche, Doi: 10.1155/2012/125284.
11. Fadini, M. A. M., A. Pallini & M. Venzon, 2004. Control of mites in strawberry integrated production system. Ciencia Rural, 34: 1271-1277.
12. Ibrahim, Y. B & T. S. Yee, 2000. Influence of sublethal exposure to abamectin on the biological performance of Neoseiulus longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 1085-1089.
13. Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review Entomology, 51: 45-66.
14. Kawka, B. & A. Tomczyk, 2002. Influence of extract from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on some biological parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch. feeding on Algerian Ivy (Hedera helix variegata L.). IOBC/Bulletin Oilb, 22: 96-100.
15. Kim, S. S & S. S. Yoo, 2002. Comparative toxicity of some acaricides to the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Bio Control, 47: 563-573.
16. Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoglu & C. Yalçın, 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science, 83: 173-180.
17. Liu, Y. P., P. Gao, W. G. Pan, F. Y. Xu & S. G. Liu, 2004. Effect of several plant extracts on Tetranychus urticae and Panoychus citri. Natural Science, 41: 212-215.
18. Mateeva, A. A., C. Christov, S. Stratieva & N. Palagatscheva, 2003. "Alternative plant protection means against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 259-262". II. International Symposium on Plant Health in Urban Horticulture (27-29 August 2003, Berlin, Germany), 359 pp.
19. McMurtry, J. A. & B. A. Croft, 1997. Life-styles of phytoseiid mites and their role in biological control. Annual Review Entomology, 42: 291-321.
20. Miresmailli, S., R. Bradbury & M. B. Isman, 2006. Comparative toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and blends of its major constituents against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on two different host plants. Pest Management Science, 62: 366-371.
21. Miresmailli, S. & M. B. Isman, 2006. Efficacy and persistence of rosemary oil as an acaricide against two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 2015-2023.
22. Miresmailli, S. & M. B. Isman, 2014. Botanical insecticides inspired by plant-herbivore chemical interactions. Trends in Plant Science, 19: 29-35.
23. Moneim, A., M. R. Afi, H. S. El-Beltagi, S. A. Fayed & E. A. Shalaby, 2011. Acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Pomposia) against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5: 359-364.
24. Mozaffaria, F., H. Abbasipoura, A. S. Garjanb, A. R. Sabooric & M. Mahmoudvand, 2012. Various effects of ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45 (11): 1347-1355.
25. Nachman, G. & R. Zemek, 2002. Interactions in a tritrophic acarine predator-prey metapopulation system III: Effects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on host plant condition. Experimental Applied Acarology, 25: 27-42.
26. Nerio, L. S., J. Olivero-Verbel & E. Stashenko, 2009. Repellent activity of essential oils from seven aromatic grown in Colombia against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera). Journal of Stored Products Research, 45: 212-214.   Obeng-Ofori, D., C. H. Reichmuth, J. Bekele & A. Hassanali, 1997. Biological activity of 1,8 cineole, a major component of essential oil of Ocimum kenyense (Ayobangira) against stored product beetles. Journal of Applied Entomology, 121: 237-243.
27. Oliveira, H., A. Janssen, A. Pallini, M. Venzon, M. Fadini & V. Duarte, 2007. A phytoseiid predator from the tropics as potential biological control agent for the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Biological Control, 42: 105-109.
28. Park, C. Goo., M. Jang, K. A. Yoon & K. Junheon, 2016. Insecticidal and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Lamiaceae plant essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 89 (30): 507-513.
29. Pavela, R., 2016. History, presence and perspective of using plant extracts as commercial botanical insecticides and farm products for protection against insects a review. Plant Protection Science, 52: 229-241.
30. Rasikari, H. L., D. N. Leach, P. G. Waterman, R. N. Spooner-Hart, A. H. Basta & L. K. Banbury, 2005. Acaricidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from selected genera of Australian Lamiaceae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98: 1259-1266.
31. Raworth, D., 2001. Control of two-spotted mite by Phytoseilus persimilis. Journal Asia-Pacific Entomology, 4: 157-163.
32. Roobakkumar, A., M. S. R. Subramaniam, A. Babu & N. Muraleedharan, 2010. Bioefficacy of certain plant extracts against the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) infesting tea in Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Acarology, 36: 255-258.
33. Schmutterer, H., 1997. Side-effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) products on insect pathogens and natural enemies of spider mites and insects. Journal of Applied Entomology,121:121-128.
34. Sekeroglu, E. & C. Kazak, 1993. First record of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Turkey. Entomophaga, 38: 343-45.
35. Shi, W. B. & M. G. Feng, 2004. Lethal effect of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on the eggs of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) with a description of a mite egg bioassay system. Biological Control, 30: 165–173.
36. Shi, G. L., L. L. Zhao, S. Q. Liu, H. Cao, S. R. Clarke & J. H. Sun, 2006. Acaricidal activities of extracts of Kochia scoparia against Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (3): 858-863.
37. Skirvin, D. J., M. Williams, K. Fenlon & J. Sunderland, 2002. Modelling the effects of plants on biocontrol effectiveness in ornamental nursery crops. Journal Applied Ecology, 39: 469-480.
38. Tak,J. H., E. Jovel & M. B. Isman, 2016. Comparative and synergistic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil constituents against the larvae and an ovarian cell line of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Managament Science, 72: 474-480.
39. Topuz, E. & N. Madanlar, 2011. Bazı bitkisel kökenli uçucu yağların Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerine kontakt ve repellent etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1 (2): 99-107.
40. Vergel, S. J. N., R. A. Bustos, D. C. Rodríguez & F. R. Cantor, 2011. Laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi and garlic–pepper extract on the predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus and their effect on the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Biological Control, 57: 143-149.
41. Wang, Y. N., G. L. Shi, L. L. Zhao, S. Q. Liu, T. Q. Yu, S. R. Clarke & J. H. Sun, 2007. Acaricidal activity of juglans regia leaf extracts on Tetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4): 1298-1303.
42. Yorulmaz Salman, S. & R. Ay, 2013. Determination of the inheritance, cross resistance and detoxifying enzyme levels of a laboratory-selected, spiromesifen-resistant population of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Pest Management Science, 70 (5): 819-826.
43. Yorulmaz Salman, S., S. Sarıtaş, N. Kara & R. Ay, 2014. Acaricidal and ovicidal effects of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) extracts on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (4): 358-367.
44. Zar, J. H., 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall Publishers, New Jersey, USA, 500 pp.