Afidofag coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) 'nin kannibalistik davranışları

Öz

Afidofag coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata(Goeze, 1777), Türkiye’nin farklı agroekosistemlerinde yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Aynı türün bireylerinin birbirlerine besledikleri kannibalizm, intraspesifik avcılık, H. variegatada dahil olmak üzere birçok afidofag coccinellidlerde yaygın olan bir davranıştır. Bu çalışmada laboratuvar koşullarında Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 varlığında ve yokluğunda H. variegata'nın ergin ve ergin öncesi dönemlerine ait kannibalizm davranışları araştırılmıştır. Erginler tarafından yumurta ve larva kannibalizmi üzerine yapılan denemelerde, yumurta ve genç larvanın kannibalizme karşı daha savunmasız olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İlginç şekilde, erginler tarafından yumurta kannibalizmi, avın bolluğunda dahi belirgin şekilde daha yüksek bulunurken, larva kannibalizmi önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Larvaların yumurta kannibalizmi ve larva içerisindeki kannibalizm sonuçları, olgun larvaların yaprak biti yokluğunda daha fazla sayıda yumurta ve daha genç yaşta larva tükettiklerini ve avın olmamasının kannibalizme neden olan başlıca etken olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, tüm larva dönemlerinde, özellikle 3. ve 4. larva dönemlerinde, yaprak biti varlığında bile önemli miktarda yumurta tükettikleri saptanmıştır. Aynı yaştaki larvalar arasındaki kannibalizmde, larva dönemleri ile kannibalizm arasında gençlerden yaşlılara doğru olmak üzere doğru orantılı bir korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarımız, avın azlığının H. variegata' da kannibalizmeneden olduğunu ancak yumurta kannibalizminin avın yüksek yoğunluklarında bile gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acyrthosiphon pisum
• kannibalizm
• yumurta
• Hippodamia variegata
• larva dönemleri

Cannibalistic behavior of aphidophagous coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract

The variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata(Goeze, 1777) is widely distributed in different agroecosystems of Turkey. Cannibalism, intraspecific predation, where individuals of the same species feed upon each other, is a common phenomenon in most aphidophagous coccinellids including H. variegata.We investigated the cannibalistic behavior of various growth stages of H. variegata in the presence and absence of Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris, 1776 under laboratory conditions. The results for cannibalism of eggs and larvae by adults revealed that eggs and younger larvae were more vulnerable to cannibalism. Notably, egg cannibalism by adults was found to be higher even at high prey abundance. Whereas, larval cannibalism was found significantly lower. Cannibalism of eggs by larvae and within the larvae showed that older larvae consumed significantly higher number of eggs and younger larvae in the absence of A. pisumindicating that cannibalism was mainly influenced by scarcity of prey. However, all the larval instars, especially 4^thand 3^rdinstars, also consumed a substantial number of eggs even in the presence of prey. Cannibalism within the same stage/age larvae showed a successive increase with the successive larval stage showing minimum cannibalism by 1^stinstar larvae and maximum by 4^thinstar larvae. The study found that scarcity of prey leads to cannibalism in H. variegata and that egg cannibalism occurs even at high prey densities.

Keywords

• Acyrthosiphon pisum
• cannibalism
• eggs
• Hippodamia variegata
• larval instars

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