Comparative toxic potential of some plant extracts and spinetoram against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract

The comparative toxicity of lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) (Poales: Poaceae); neem, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) (Sapindales: Meliaceae); castor oil plant, Ricinus communis (L.) (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae); and yellow oleander, Thevetia peruviana (L.) Lippold (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) and spinetoram alone and in combinations were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) in the Entomology Laboratory of Punjab Bioenergy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan from May to October, 2018. Different concentrations of plant extracts (5, 10 and 15%) and spinetoram (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) were applied in filter paper toxicity bioassay. The results of single applications of all treatments showed that spinetoram was more effective with the highest mortality of 79.8% by followed by 57.9% for A. indica, 49.5% for C. citratus, 40.1% for T. peruviana and 28.9% for R. communis extracts. In combinations, A. indica + spinetoram gave the highest mortality of 84.9% with a lower mortality of 25.2% observed for R. communis + spinetoram. LC₅₀ values of spinetoram were comparatively low indicating that it is the more toxic than the plant extracts. Overall the results indicated that these plant extracts and spinetoram can be used as combined form in IPM for the efficient management of insect pests of stored grains.

Keywords

• Concentrations,LC50,management,mortality,synthetic insecticides,toxic

Bazı bitkisel özütlerin ve spinetoram ile kombinasyonlarının Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1997) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’a karşılaştırmalı olarak zehirlilik potansiyeli

Öz

Limon otu (Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) (Poales: Poaceae), neem (Azadirachta indica) (A. Juss.) (Sapindales: Meliaceae), hint otu (Ricinus communis) (L.) (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) ve meksika zakkumu (Thevetia peruviana) (L.) Lippold (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) 'nun tek başına ve spinetoram ile kombinasyonlarının Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797)'a karşı toksikolojik etkileri Mayıs-Ekim 2018 tarihlerinde Tarım Üniversitesi, Punjab Bioenergy Enstitüsü (Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan), Entomoloji laboratuvarında değerlendirilmiştir. Filtre kâğıdı yöntemi ile yapılan biyolojik testlerde farklı bitki konsantrasyonları (%5, 10 ve 15) ve spinetoramın (%0.01, 0.02 ve 0.03) farklı dozları uygulanmıştır. Tüm muameleler tek başına uygulandığında, spinetoram %79.8 oranla en yüksek öldürücü etkiye sahip olurken, bunu sırasıyla A. indica (%57.9), C. citratus (%49.5) ve T. peruviana (%40.1) izlemiştir. En düşük etki %28.9 oranla R. communis özütünde kaydedilmiştir. Özütler spinetoram ile birlikte uygulandığında, A. indica kombinasyonu %84.9’lik oranla en yüksek öldürücülüğe sahip olurken, nispeten düşük ölüm oranı (%25.2) spinetoramın R. communis ile kombinasyonunda gözlenmiştir. Spinetoramın LC₅₀ değerleri denemede kullanılan bitki özütleriyle karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek değeri veren özüte göre düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma bu bitki özütlerinin spinetoram ile kombinasyonun depolanmış tahıllardaki zararlı böcekler ile etkili mücadele için IPM'de kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Konsantrasyonlar,LC50,mücadele,öldürücü etki,sentetik insektisitler,zehirlilik

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