Hurma böceği, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nın sıfır altındaki sıcaklıklara esnekliği

Abstract

Hurma böceği, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), sıcaklık arttıkça üremeye hazır hale gelen ve bulaşık tohumların içinde kışı geçiren soğuğa duyarlı tarımsal zararlıdır. Soğuğa karşı dayanıklılıklarını değerlendirmek için, bulaşık Phoenix canariensis Chabaud tohumlarından elde edilen örnekler, 2018 yılında Charles Sturt Üniversitesi (Albury, Avustralya)’ndeki bir laboratuvar ortamında uzun süreli sıfırın altındaki sıcaklıklara maruz bırakılmıştır. Phoenix canariensis tohumlarının içinde galeri açmalarına izin verilen örnekler ve şişelerde tutulan örnekler 5 ila420 dakika arasında -8ºC'ye maruz bırakıldı. Korunmasız böcekler -8ºC'ye 75 dakika hayatta kalabilirken, tohumların içindeki gizlendikleri galerilerindeki böcekler 7 saatten fazla yaşamışlardır.

Keywords

• Biyocoğrafya,iklim aşırı uçlar,zararlı böcekler,fizyoloji

Resilience of the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), following periods of exposure to subzero temperature

Abstract

The date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a cold-sensitive agricultural pest that goes into hibernation inside infested seeds, ready to breed as temperature increases. To assess their resilience following exposure to cold, specimens reared from infested Phoenix canariensis Chabaud seeds were exposed prolonged subzero temperature in a laboratory setting at Charles Sturt University (Albury, Australia) in 2018. Specimens which had been allowed to tunnel into P. canariensis seeds as well as those held in vials were exposed to -8ºC for durations between 5 min and 7 h. Unprotected beetles survived a 75-min exposure to -8ºC, but the beetles in their brood galleries inside the seeds survived for over 7 h.

Keywords

• Biogeography,climatic extremes,insect pests,physiology

References

1. Abd-Allah, F. F. & A. W. Tadros, 1994. Biological studies on the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Alexandria Science Exchange, 15 (1): 1-9.
2. Ageena, I., N. Macdonald & A. Morse, 2013. Variability of minimum temperature across Libya (1945-2009). International Journal of Climatology, 33 (3): 641-653.
3. Ali, M. A., M. M. Metwally & A. R. E. Hussain, 2002. Pest suppression of date palm insect populations and effects on yield as a component of sustainable development of El-Bahria Oases, Egypt. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt, 79 (2001/2002): 89-102.
4. Ali, M. A., M. M. Metwally & A. R. E. Hussain, 2003. Infestation levels and population density of insect pests attacking stored dates under the conditions of Elbahria Oases, Egypt. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt, 80: 133-146.
5. Almazroui, M., M. Nazrul Islam, H. Athar, P. Jones & M. A. Rahman, 2012. Recent climate change in the Arabian Peninsula: annual rainfall and temperature analysis of Saudi Arabia for 1978-2009. International Journal of Climatology, 32 (6): 953-966.
6. Anber, H. A. I., R. M. Y. Helal & R. El-Sufty, 1998. Efficiency of some insecticides in controlling the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in palm plantations. Mansoura Journal of Agricultural Science, 23 (10): 4597-4602 [not seen].
7. Bar-Shalom, O. & Z. Mendel, 2001. Seasonal changes in the seed bank in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) orchards and the involvement of the date-stone beetle (Coccotrypes dactyliperda). Phytoparasitica, 29 (1): 84-85.
8. Boraei, H. A., 1994. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on the dormancy of the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda. Journal of Agricultural Research, Tanta University, 20 (1): 72-79.

9. Cooperband, M. F., R. Stouthamer, D. Carrillo, A. Eskalen, T. Thibault, A. A. Cossé, L. A. Castrillo, J. D. Vandenberg & P. Rugman-Jones, 2016. Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the USA, reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 18: 223-237.
10. Donat, M. G., T. C. Peterson, M. Brunet, A. D. King, M. Almazroui, R. K. Kolli, D. Boucherf, A. Y. Al-Mulla, A. Y. Nour, A. A. Aly, T. A. A. Nada, M. M. Semawi, H. A. Al Dashti, T. G. Salhab, K. I. El Fadli, M. K. Muftah, S. Dah Eida, W. Badi, F. Driouech, K. El Rhaz, M. J. Y. Abubaker, A. S. Ghulam, A. S. Erayah, M. B. Mansour, W. O. Alabdouli, J. S. Al Dhanhani & M. N. Al Shekaili, 2014. Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab region: long-term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO. International Journal of Climatology, 34 (3): 581-592.
11. El Kadi, A., 2016. Global warming: a study of the Gaza temperature variations in the period 1976-1995. مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للبحوث الإنسانية [IUG Journal for Humanities Research], 13 (2): 1-19.
12. Helal, R. M. Y., 1998. Plant extracts and microbial insecticides as protectants against the date stone beetle Coccotrypes dactyliperda F. (Col. Scolytidae). Menofiya Journal of Agricultural Research, 23 (6): 1669-1682 [not seen].
13. Helal, R. M., 2014. Studies on the date stone beetle Coccotrypes dactyliperda (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Blessed Tree, 6 (1): 13-21.
14. Larcher, W. & A. Winter, (1981). Frost susceptibility of palms: experimental data and their interpretation. Principes, 25: 143-152.
15. Matouq, M., T. El-Hasan, H. Al-Bilbisi, M. Abdelhadi, M. Hindiyeh, S. Eslamian & S. Duheisat, 2013. The climate change implication on Jordan: A case study using GIS and artificial neural networks for weather forecasting. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 7 (2): 44-55.
16. Mostafa, A. M., 1997. Survey of Date Palm Insect Pests in Northern Delta, with the Study of seasonal abundance of certain Species. Alexandria University. NCDC, 2018. NNDC Climate Data Online. In: National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Web page: https://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/cdo) (Date accessed 12 August 2018).
17. Samuels, R., G. Smiatek, S. Krichak, H. Kunstmann & P. Alpert, 2011. Extreme value indicators in highly resolved climate change simulations for the Jordan River area. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 116: D24123, 9 pp.
18. Spennemann, D. H. R., 2018a. Global distribution of the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 4 (3): 203-226.
19. Spennemann, D. H. R., 2018b. Canary date palms (Phoenix canariensis) in Australia: introduction and early dispersal. Palms, 62 (4): 185-201.
20. Spennemann, D. H. R., 2019a. Biology, ecology and distribution of the date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Scolytinae, Coleoptera). Zoology in the Middle East, 65 (2): 163-182.
21. Spennemann, D. H. R., 2019b. An Experimental Evaluation of Food Preferences and Associated Hatching Times of the Date Stone Beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Scolytinae, Coleoptera). Institute for Land, Water and Society Report No 120. Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, 78 pp.
22. Spennemann, D. H. R., 2019c. Canary date palms (Phoenix canariensis) as ornamental plants. The first thirty years of the horticultural trade. Huntia, 17 (2): [in press].
23. Spennemann, D. H. R., K. Kent & R. Cook, 2018. Uninvited guests: Mass Emergence of Scolytinid Beetles in a Seed Germination Experiment and its Management. Institute for Land, Water and Society Report No: 118. Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, 33 pp.
24. Tukey, J. W., 1980. We need both exploratory and confirmatory. The American Statistician, 34 (1): 23-25.
25. World Bank Group, 2019. Climate Change Knowledge Portal. (Web page: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org) (Date accessed: 20 January 2019).
26. Zhang, X., E. Aguilar, S. Sensoy, H. Melkonyan, U. Tagiyeva, N. Ahmed, N. Kutaladze, F. Rahimzadeh, A. Taghipour, T. H. Hantosh, P. Albert, M. Semawi, M. Karam Ali, M. H. Said Al-Shabibi, Z. Al-Oulan, T. Zatari, I. Al Dean Khelet, S. Hamoud, R. Sagir, M. Demircan, M. Eken, M. Adiguzel, L. Alexander, T. C. Peterson & T. Wallis, 2005. Trends in Middle East climate extreme indices from 1950 to 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110: D22104, 12 pp.
27. Zona, S., 2008. The horticultural history of the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis). Garden History, 36: 301-308.