Reproduction of root-knot nematode isolates from the middle Black Sea Region of Turkey on tomato with Mi-1.2 resistance gene

Year 2019, , 417 - 427, 01.12.2019

Gökhan Aydınlı , Sevilhan Mennan

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.582406

Cited By: 11

Abstract

Research was conducted to evaluate the reproduction of 90 Meloidogyne isolates including Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (38 isolates), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (4 isolates), Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 (11 isolates) and Meloidogyne luci Carneiro et al., 2014 (37 isolates) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from the middle Black Sea Region of Turkey on susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars in a greenhouse with temperature controlled between 2013 and 2014. Galling index and reproduction factor of nematode isolates were assessed in a pot assay and resistance-breaking isolates were determined according to their reproduction index. Among the isolates, only two isolates of M. luci (Or-2 and Pr-1) had a similar galling index on susceptible and resistant tomato (P ≤ 0.05). Four isolates of M. luci (Çr-19, Or-2, Pr-1 and Pr-2), two isolates of M. arenaria (A-7 and Sn-11) and an isolate of M. incognita (A-11) produced more eggs than the initial inoculum on resistant tomato. These root-knot nematode isolates, except two isolates of M. arenaria, were classified as resistance-breaking isolates having a reproduction index higher than 10%. These findings showed that the Mi-1.2 gene confers resistance to M. luci but four isolates of M. luci could overcome this resistance. This is the first report for resistance-breaking isolates of M. luci in tomato.

Keywords

Meloidogyne, Mi-1.2 gene, resistance, tomato, virulent

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

Project Number

TÜBİTAK TOVAG 111O793

Thanks

The authors wish to thank Mehmet Yüksel (Yuksel Seeds, Antalya, Turkey) for providing the seeds of the resistant tomato cv. Alsancak F1; and Prof. Dr. Isgouhi Kaloshian (University of California, Riverside, USA) for editing the English.

Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden elde edilen kök-ur nematodu izolatlarının Mi-1.2 dayanıklılık geni taşıyan domateste üremesi

Abstract

Araştırma, Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden elde edilen Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (38 izolat), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (4 izolat), Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 (11 izolat) ve Meloidogyne luci Carneiro et al., 2014 (37 izolat) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)’den oluşan 90 Meloidogyne izolatının hassas ve dayanıklı domates çeşitlerindeki üremesini değerlendirmek için 2013-2014 yılları arasında sıcaklık kontrollü bir serada yürütülmüştür. Nematod izolatlarının üreme faktörü ve urlanma indeksi saksı denemesi ile değerlendirilmiş ve üreme indeksi değerlerine göre dayanıklılığı kıran izolatlar belirlenmiştir. İzolatlar arasından sadece iki M. luci izolatı (Or-2 ve Pr-1) hassas ve dayanıklı domateste benzer bir urlanma indeksine sahiptir (P ≤ 0.05). M. luci’nin dört izolatı (Çr-19, Or-2, Pr-1 ve Pr-2), M. arenaria’nın iki izolatı (A-7 ve Sn-11) ve M. incognita’nın bir izolatı (A-11), dayanıklı domateste başlangıç inokulumundan daha fazla yumurta meydana getirmiştir. Bu kök-ur nematodu izolatları, M. arenaria’nın iki izolatı hariç, %10’dan fazla üreme indeksine sahip olarak dayanıklılığı kıran izolatlar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bu bulgular, Mi-1.2 geninin M. luci'ye dayanıklılık sağladığını ancak dört izolatın bu dayanıklılığı kırabileceğini göstermiştir. İlk defa, domateste M. luci’nin dayanıklılığı kıran izolatları kayıt edilmiştir.

Keywords

Meloidogyne, Mi-1.2 geni, dayanıklılık, domates, virülent

Project Number

TÜBİTAK TOVAG 111O793

References

• Akyazı, F. & O. Ecevit, 2011. Identification and distribution of root knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable fields in Tokat Province. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26: 1-9.
• Ammati, M., I. J. Thomason & H. E. McKinney, 1986. Retention of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Lycopersicon genotypes at high soil temperature. Journal of Nematology, 18 (4): 491-495.
• Aydınlı, G., 2018. Detection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne luci Carneiro et al., 2014 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) in vegetable fields of Samsun Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (3): 229-237.
• Aydınlı, G. & S. Mennan, 2016. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from greenhouses in the middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 675-685.
• Aydınlı, G., S. Mennan, Z. Devran, S. Širca & G. Urek, 2013. First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on tomato and cucumber in Turkey. Plant Disease, 97: 1262.
• Boerma, H. R. & R. S. Hussey, 1992. Breeding plants for resistance to nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 24: 242-252.
• Bridge, J. & S. L. J. Page, 1980. Estimation of root-knot nematodes infestation levels on roots using a rating chart. Tropical Pest Management, 26: 296-298.
• Carneiro, R. M. D. G., V. R. Correa, M. R. A. Almeida, A. C. M. M. Gomes, A. M. Deimi, P. Castagnone-Sereno & G. Karssen, 2014. Meloidogyne luci n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising different crops in Brazil, Chile and Iran. Nematology, 16 (3): 289-301.
• Castagnone-Sereno, P., 2002. Genetic variability of nematodes: a threat to the durability of plant resistance genes. Euphytica, 124: 193-199.
• Castagnone-Sereno, P., M. Bongiovanni & E. Wajnberg, 2007. Selection and parasite evolution: a reproductive fitness cost associated with virulence in the parthenogenetic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Evolutionary Ecology, 21: 259-270.
• Conceição, I. L., E. A. Tzortzakakis, P. Gomes, I. Abrantes & M. J. da Cunha, 2012. Detection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica in Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 134: 451-457.
• Cortada, L., F. J. Sorribas, C. Ornat, M. F. Andres & S. Verdejo-Lucas, 2009. Response of tomato rootstocks carrying the Mi-resistance gene to populations of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124: 337-343.
• Cortada, L., F. J. Sorribas, C. Ornat, I. Kaloshian & S. Verdejo-Lucas, 2008. Variability in infection and reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato rootstocks with the Mi resistance gene. Plant Pathology, 57: 1125-1135.
• Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2009. Distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from Turkey. Journal of Nematology, 41: 128-133.
• Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2010. Occurrence of virulent root-knot nematode populations on tomatoes bearing the Mi gene in protected vegetable-growing areas of Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38 (3): 245-251.
• Djian-Caporalino, C., S. Molinari, A. Palloix, A. Ciancio, A. Fazari, N. Marteu, N. Ris & P. Castagnone-Sereno, 2011. The reproductive potential of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is affected by selection for virulence against major resistance genes from tomato and pepper. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 131: 431-440.
• Dropkin, V. H., 1969. The necrotic reaction of tomatoes and other hosts resistant to Meloidogyne: Reversal by temperature. Phytopathology, 59: 1632-1637.
• Eddaoudi, M., M. Ammati & A. Rammah, 1997. Identification of resistance breaking populations of Meloidogyne on tomatoes in Morocco and their effect on new sources of resistance. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20: 285-289.
• Gerič Stare, B., P. Strajnar, N. Susič, G. Urek & S. Širca, 2017. Reported populations of Meloidogyne ethiopica in Europe identified as Meloidogyne luci. Plant Disease, 101 (9): 1627-1632.
• Hussey, R. S. & K. R. Barker, 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 1025-1028.
• Jacquet, M., M. Bongiovanni, M. Martinez, P. Verschave, E. Wajnberg & P. Castagnone-Sereno, 2005. Variation in resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato genotypes bearing the Mi gene. Plant Pathology, 54: 93-99.
• Janssen, T., G. Karssen, M. Verhaeven, D. Coyne & W. Bert, 2016. Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype-based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution. Scientific Reports, 6: 22591.
• Jarquin-Barberena, H., A. Dalmasso, G. de Guiran & M. C. Cardin, 1991. Acquired virulence in the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. I. Biological analysis of the phenomenon. Revue de Nématologie, 14: 299-303.
• Kaloshian, I., V. M. Williamson, G. Miyao, D. Lawn & B. B. Westerdahl, 1996. Resistance-breaking nematodes identified in California tomatoes. California Agriculture, 50: 18-19.
• Maleita, C., I. Esteves, J. M. S Cardoso, M. J. Cunha, R. M. D. G. Carneiro & I. Abrantes, 2018. Meloidogyne luci, a new root-knot nematode parasitizing potato in Portugal. Plant Pathology, 67 (2): 366-376.
• Mukhtar, T., M. Z. Kayani & M. A. Hussain, 2013. Response of selected cucumber cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita. Crop Protection, 44: 13-17.
• Nyczepir, A. P. & S. H. Thomas, 2009. “Current and Future Management Strategies in Intensive Crop Production Systems, 412-443”. In: Root-knot Nematodes (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens, J. L. Starr), CAB International Wallingford, UK, 488 pp.
• Ornat, C., S. Verdejo-Lucas & F. J. Sorribas, 2001. A population of Meloidogyne javanica from Spain virulent to the Mi resistance gene in tomato. Plant Disease, 85: 271-276.
• Özalp, T. & Z. Devran, 2018. Response of tomato plants carrying Mi-1 gene to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 under high soil temperatures. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 313-322.
• Özarslandan, A. & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2010. Investigation on virulence of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919), M. arenaria (Neal, 1889) and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) populations on resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 34 (4): 495-502.
• Prot, J. C., 1984. A naturally occurring resistance breaking biotype of Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato. Reproduction and pathogenicity on tomato cultivars Roma and Rossol. Revue de Nématologie, 7: 23-28.
• Riggs, R. D. & N. N. Winstead, 1959. Studies on resistance in tomato to root-knot nematodes and occurrence of the pathogenic biotypes. Phytopathology, 49: 716-724.
• Roberts, P. A., 1982. Plant resistance in nematode pest management. Journal of Nematology, 14: 24-33.
• Roberts, P. A., 1995. Conceptual and practical aspects of variability in root-knot nematodes related to host plant resistance. Annual Review Phytopathology, 33: 199-221.
• Roberts, P. A. & I. J. Thomason, 1986. Variability in reproduction of isolates of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on resistant tomato genotypes. Plant Disease, 70: 547-551.
• Seah, S., V. M. Williamson, B. E. Garcia, L. Mejia, M. S. Salus, C. T. Martin & D. P. Maxwell, 2007. Evaluation of a codominant SCAR marker for detection of the Mi-1 locus for resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato germplasm. Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative, 57: 37-40.
• Söğüt, M. A. & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2000. Determination of Meloidogyne spp. Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 24: 33-40.
• Sorribas, F. J., C. Ornat, S. Verdejo-Lucas, M. Galeano & J. Valero, 2005. Effectiveness and profitability of the Mi-resistant tomatoes to control root-knot nematodes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 111: 29-38.
• Sorribas, F. J. & S. Verdejo-Lucas, 1994. Survey of Meloidogyne spp. in tomato production fields of Baix Llobregat county, Spain. Journal of Nematology, 26 (4S): 731-736.
• Strajnar, P. & S. Širca, 2011. The effect of some insecticides, natural compounds and tomato cv. Venezia with Mi gene on the nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica (Nematoda) reproduction. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 97 (1): 5-10.
• Tzortzakakis, E. A., M. A. M. Adam, V. C. Blok, C. Paraskevopoulos & K. Bourtzis, 2005. Occurrence of resistance-breaking populations of root-knot nematodes on tomato in Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 113: 101-105.
• Tzortzakakis, E. A., I. L. P. M. da Conceição, M. C. V. dos Santos & I. M. de O. Abrantes, 2008. Selection of virulent Meloidogyne individuals within mixed isolates by continuous cultivation on a Mi gene resistant tomato genotype. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 115 (5): 234-237.
• Tzortzakakis, E. A. & S. R. Gowen, 1996. Occurrence of a resistance breaking pathotype of Meloidogyne javanica on tomatoes in Crete, Greece. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 19 (3): 283-288.
• Uysal, G., M. A. Söğüt & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2017. Identification and distribution of root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable growing areas of Lakes Region in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 41 (1): 105-122.
• Verdejo-Lucas, S., M. Blanco, L. Cortada & F. J. Sorribas, 2013. Resistance of tomato rootstocks to Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne javanica under intermittent elevated soil temperatures above 28°C. Crop Protection, 46: 57-62.
• Verdejo-Lucas, S., L. Cortada, F. J. Sorribas & C. Ornat, 2009. Selection of virulent populations of Meloidogyne javanica by repeated cultivation of Mi resistance gene tomato rootstocks under field conditions. Plant Pathology, 58: 990-998.