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Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults

Year 2020, , 39 - 47, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.587710

Abstract

In this study, the toxicities of plant essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L., Seriphidium santonicum (L.) Soják, Seriphidium spicigerum (K. Koch) Poljakov and Achillea santolinoides Lag. (Asteraceae) to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults at 10, 15 and 20 µL/Petri dish were investigated. Tests (contact effect for T. urticae and fumigant effect for A. obtectus) were conducted at 26±1°C, 70±5% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. Mortality varied depending on plant essential oil. While the mortalities were recorded between 23 and 100% for T. urticae, they were between 45 and 100% for A. obtectus. After 72 h, when LD50 and LC50 values are taken into consideration, the most toxic plant essential oil was A. santolinoides (7.8 μL/mite for LD50) oil for T. urticae. The most toxic plant essential oil after 72 h was A. santolinoides (0.001 μL/insect) oil on A. obtectus adults. These results showed that the plant essential oils derived from A. absinthium, S. santonicum, S. spicigerum and A. santolinoides may be among one of the mostpromising alternative methods to control T. urticae and A. obtectus adults.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

Authors thank Mohamed Said Omar, translator and native English speaker, for his contribution to revising the English of this article (Atatürk University) and Prof. Dr. Yusuf Kaya for identification of the plants (Atatürk University), and also to Nabi Alper Kumral for his advice on the data analysis (Uludağ University).

References

  • Abdelgaleil, A. M. S. & M. E. I. Badawy, 2006. Acaricidal and molluscicidal potential of three essential oils isolated from Egyptian plants. Journal of Pest Control and Environmental Sciences, 14: 35-46.
  • Arnason, J. T., B. J. R. Philogene & P. Morand, 1989. Insecticides of Plant Origin. American Chemistry Society, Washington, USA, 213 pp.
  • Aslan, İ., H. Özbek, Ş. Kordalı, Ö. Çalmaşur & A. Çakır, 2004. Toxicity of essential oil vapours obtained from Pistacia spp. to the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 111: 400-407.
  • Bailey, P. T., 2007. Pest of Field Crops and Pastures: Identification and Control. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC 3066, Australia, 456 pp.
  • Barnard, M., M. Padgitt & N. D. Uri, 1997. Pesticide use and its measurement. International Pest Control, 39: 161-164.
  • Baytop, T., 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and present). Publication of Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey, 312 pp.
  • Benelli, G., M. Govindarajan, M. S. Alsalhi, S. Devanesan & M. Maggi, 2017. Wedelia prostrata Hemsl. essential oil against larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (12): 10218-10227.
  • Cardona, C., 1989. “Insects and other invertebrate bean pests in Latin America, 505-570”. In: Bean Production Problems in the Tropics. (Eds. H. F. Schwartz & M. Pastor-Corrales). CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 660 pp.
  • Chen, Y. & G. Dai, 2015. Acaricidal activity of compounds from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl against the carmine spidermite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Pest Management Science, 71: 1561-1571.
  • Daferera, D. J., B. N. Ziogas & M. G. Polissiou, 2000. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48: 2576-2581.
  • Davis, P. H., 1982. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. University Press, Edinburgh, UK, Vol. 7, 750 pp.
  • Ebadollahi, A., M. H. Safaralizadeh, A. A. Pourmirza, S. Ashouri & Z. Mahneshin, 2010. “Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Lavandula stoechas L. against different stage of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 85-144”. 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress (31 July-3 August 2010, Tehran, Iran), 344 pp.
  • Fatemikia, S., H. Abbasipour, J. Karimi, A. Saeedizadeh & A. Sheikhi Gorjan, 2014. Efficacy of Elettaria cardamomum L. (Zingiberaceae) essential oil on the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Archives Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47 (8): 1008-1014. Fatemikia, S., H. Abbasipour & A. Saeedizadeh, 2017. Phytochemical and acaricidal study of the galbanum, Ferula gumosa Boiss. (Apiaceae) essential oil against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20 (1): 185-195.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, London, UK, 333 pp.
  • Göktürk, T., Ş. Kordalı & A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük, 2017. Insecticidal effects of essential oils against nymphal and adult stage of Ricania simulans (Hemiptera: Ricanidae). Natural Products Comminications, 12 (6): 973-976.
  • Isman, M. B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection, 19: 603-608.
  • Jeppson, L. R., H. H. Keifer & E. W. Baker, 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 614 pp.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, K. Çoban, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2014. Larvicidal effect of some plant extracts on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) in laboratory conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 13 (5): 145-162.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2015. The toxicity of essential oils of some plant species against adults of colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Comptes rendus de l’Acad´emie bulgare des Sciences, 68 (1): 127-136.
  • Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoğlu & C. Yalçın, 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch.). Journal of Pest Science, 83 (2): 173-188.
  • Labeyrie, V., 1962. Mise en evidence d’influences multiples de la plante-hote sur la stimulation de la ponte chez Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de Ses Filiales, 156 (8-9): 1473-1477.
  • Nauen, J., N. Stumpf, A. Elbert, C. P. W. Zebitz & W. Kraus, 2001. Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 57: 253-261.
  • Regnault-Roger, C. & A. Hamraoui, 1995. Fumigant toxic activity and reproductive inhibition induced by monoterpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera), a bruchid of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 31: 291-299.
  • Regnault-Roger, C., C. Vincent & J. T. Arnason, 2012. Essential oils in insect control: Low-risk products in a high-stakes world. Annual Review Entomology, 57: 405-424.
  • Santos, J. C., L. R. D. A. Faroni, R. O. Simões, M. A. G. Pimentel & A. H. Sousa, 2009. Toxicity of pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides to Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioscience Journal, 25: 75-81.
  • Tapondjou, A. L., C. Adler, D. A. Fontem, H. Bouda & C. Reichmuth, 2005. Bioactivities of cymol and essential oils of Cupressus semper-virens and Eucalyptus saligna against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium confusum du Val. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 91-102.
  • Thaung, V. & P. J. Collins, 1986. Joint effect of temperature and insecticides on mortality and fecundity of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculinoidae) in wheat and maize. Journal of Economical Entomology, 79: 909-914.
  • Topuz, E. & N. Madanlar, 2011. Contact and repellency effects of some plant essential oils against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Bulletin of Turkish Entomology, 1 (2): 99-107.
  • Tripathi, A. K., S. Upadhyay, M. Bhıyan & P. R. Bhattacharya, 2009. A review on prospects of essential oils as biopesticide in insect-pest management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1: 52-63.
  • Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., Ş. Kordalı, M. Kesdek, M. A. Altınok, M. Varçin & M. R. Bozhüyük, 2016. Insecticidal effects of essential oils obtained from six plants against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25 (7): 2620-2627.
  • Üstüner, T., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük & M. Kesdek, 2018. Investigation of pesticidal activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Records of Natural Products, 12 (6): 557-568.
  • Yıldırım, E., B. Emsen & Ş. Kordalı, 2013. Insecticidal effects of monoterpenes on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 86: 198-204.
  • Yıldırım, E., M. Kesdek & Ş. Kordalı, 2005. Effects of essentıal oils of three plant species on Tribolium confusum Du Val and Sitophilus ganarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 14 (7): 574-578.
  • Zhang, Z., 2003. Mites of Greenhouses: Identification, Biology and Control. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, England, 244 pp.

Farklı uçucu yağların Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) ve Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine zehir etkileri

Year 2020, , 39 - 47, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.587710

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Artemisia absinthium L., Seriphidium santonicum (L.) Soják, Seriphidium spicigerum (K.Koch) Poljakov ve Achillea santolinoides Lag (Asteraceae) bitki uçucu yağlarının 10, 15 ve 20 µL/Petri dozlarında, ikinoktalı kırmızıörümcek, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) ve fasulye tohum böceği, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginleri üzerindeki zehir etkileri araştırılmıştır. Testler (T. urticae için kontakt etki ve A. obtectus için fumigant etki) 26±1°C, %70±5 RH ve 16:8 h (A:K ışık ortamında) laboratuvar şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Ölüm oranları, uçucu yağlara bağlı olarak farklılık göstermiştir. Bu ölümler T. urticae erginleri için %23 ile %100 arasında kaydedilirken, A. obtectus erginleri için ise %45 ile %100 arasında bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın 72 saatinden sonra, LD50 ve LC50 değerleri dikkate alındığında, T. urticae için en zehir etkili uçucu yağ olarak A. santolinoides (7.8 μL/akar LD50) yağı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı süre içinde, A. obtectus üzerinde en fazla zehir etkisi ise A. santolinoides (0.001 μL/böcek) yağı için kaydedilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, A. absinthium, S. santonicum, S. spicigerum ve A. santolinoides bitkilerinden elde edilen uçucu yağların, T. urticae ve A. obtectus erginlerini kontrol etmek için en umut verici alternatif metotlardan birisi arasında olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Project Number

yok

References

  • Abdelgaleil, A. M. S. & M. E. I. Badawy, 2006. Acaricidal and molluscicidal potential of three essential oils isolated from Egyptian plants. Journal of Pest Control and Environmental Sciences, 14: 35-46.
  • Arnason, J. T., B. J. R. Philogene & P. Morand, 1989. Insecticides of Plant Origin. American Chemistry Society, Washington, USA, 213 pp.
  • Aslan, İ., H. Özbek, Ş. Kordalı, Ö. Çalmaşur & A. Çakır, 2004. Toxicity of essential oil vapours obtained from Pistacia spp. to the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 111: 400-407.
  • Bailey, P. T., 2007. Pest of Field Crops and Pastures: Identification and Control. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC 3066, Australia, 456 pp.
  • Barnard, M., M. Padgitt & N. D. Uri, 1997. Pesticide use and its measurement. International Pest Control, 39: 161-164.
  • Baytop, T., 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and present). Publication of Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey, 312 pp.
  • Benelli, G., M. Govindarajan, M. S. Alsalhi, S. Devanesan & M. Maggi, 2017. Wedelia prostrata Hemsl. essential oil against larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (12): 10218-10227.
  • Cardona, C., 1989. “Insects and other invertebrate bean pests in Latin America, 505-570”. In: Bean Production Problems in the Tropics. (Eds. H. F. Schwartz & M. Pastor-Corrales). CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 660 pp.
  • Chen, Y. & G. Dai, 2015. Acaricidal activity of compounds from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl against the carmine spidermite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Pest Management Science, 71: 1561-1571.
  • Daferera, D. J., B. N. Ziogas & M. G. Polissiou, 2000. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48: 2576-2581.
  • Davis, P. H., 1982. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. University Press, Edinburgh, UK, Vol. 7, 750 pp.
  • Ebadollahi, A., M. H. Safaralizadeh, A. A. Pourmirza, S. Ashouri & Z. Mahneshin, 2010. “Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Lavandula stoechas L. against different stage of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 85-144”. 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress (31 July-3 August 2010, Tehran, Iran), 344 pp.
  • Fatemikia, S., H. Abbasipour, J. Karimi, A. Saeedizadeh & A. Sheikhi Gorjan, 2014. Efficacy of Elettaria cardamomum L. (Zingiberaceae) essential oil on the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Archives Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47 (8): 1008-1014. Fatemikia, S., H. Abbasipour & A. Saeedizadeh, 2017. Phytochemical and acaricidal study of the galbanum, Ferula gumosa Boiss. (Apiaceae) essential oil against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20 (1): 185-195.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, London, UK, 333 pp.
  • Göktürk, T., Ş. Kordalı & A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük, 2017. Insecticidal effects of essential oils against nymphal and adult stage of Ricania simulans (Hemiptera: Ricanidae). Natural Products Comminications, 12 (6): 973-976.
  • Isman, M. B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection, 19: 603-608.
  • Jeppson, L. R., H. H. Keifer & E. W. Baker, 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 614 pp.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, K. Çoban, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2014. Larvicidal effect of some plant extracts on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) in laboratory conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 13 (5): 145-162.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2015. The toxicity of essential oils of some plant species against adults of colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Comptes rendus de l’Acad´emie bulgare des Sciences, 68 (1): 127-136.
  • Kumral, N. A., S. Çobanoğlu & C. Yalçın, 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch.). Journal of Pest Science, 83 (2): 173-188.
  • Labeyrie, V., 1962. Mise en evidence d’influences multiples de la plante-hote sur la stimulation de la ponte chez Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de Ses Filiales, 156 (8-9): 1473-1477.
  • Nauen, J., N. Stumpf, A. Elbert, C. P. W. Zebitz & W. Kraus, 2001. Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 57: 253-261.
  • Regnault-Roger, C. & A. Hamraoui, 1995. Fumigant toxic activity and reproductive inhibition induced by monoterpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera), a bruchid of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 31: 291-299.
  • Regnault-Roger, C., C. Vincent & J. T. Arnason, 2012. Essential oils in insect control: Low-risk products in a high-stakes world. Annual Review Entomology, 57: 405-424.
  • Santos, J. C., L. R. D. A. Faroni, R. O. Simões, M. A. G. Pimentel & A. H. Sousa, 2009. Toxicity of pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides to Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioscience Journal, 25: 75-81.
  • Tapondjou, A. L., C. Adler, D. A. Fontem, H. Bouda & C. Reichmuth, 2005. Bioactivities of cymol and essential oils of Cupressus semper-virens and Eucalyptus saligna against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium confusum du Val. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 91-102.
  • Thaung, V. & P. J. Collins, 1986. Joint effect of temperature and insecticides on mortality and fecundity of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculinoidae) in wheat and maize. Journal of Economical Entomology, 79: 909-914.
  • Topuz, E. & N. Madanlar, 2011. Contact and repellency effects of some plant essential oils against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Bulletin of Turkish Entomology, 1 (2): 99-107.
  • Tripathi, A. K., S. Upadhyay, M. Bhıyan & P. R. Bhattacharya, 2009. A review on prospects of essential oils as biopesticide in insect-pest management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1: 52-63.
  • Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., Ş. Kordalı, M. Kesdek, M. A. Altınok, M. Varçin & M. R. Bozhüyük, 2016. Insecticidal effects of essential oils obtained from six plants against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25 (7): 2620-2627.
  • Üstüner, T., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük & M. Kesdek, 2018. Investigation of pesticidal activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Records of Natural Products, 12 (6): 557-568.
  • Yıldırım, E., B. Emsen & Ş. Kordalı, 2013. Insecticidal effects of monoterpenes on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 86: 198-204.
  • Yıldırım, E., M. Kesdek & Ş. Kordalı, 2005. Effects of essentıal oils of three plant species on Tribolium confusum Du Val and Sitophilus ganarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 14 (7): 574-578.
  • Zhang, Z., 2003. Mites of Greenhouses: Identification, Biology and Control. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, England, 244 pp.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Memiş Kesdek 0000-0001-9881-4050

Ayşe Usanmaz Bozhüyük 0000-0003-2450-6850

Şaban Kordalı 0000-0001-5669-5831

Project Number yok
Publication Date March 1, 2020
Submission Date July 5, 2019
Acceptance Date October 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Kesdek, M., Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., & Kordalı, Ş. (2020). Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.587710
AMA Kesdek M, Usanmaz Bozhüyük A, Kordalı Ş. Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. TED. March 2020;44(1):39-47. doi:10.16970/entoted.587710
Chicago Kesdek, Memiş, Ayşe Usanmaz Bozhüyük, and Şaban Kordalı. “Toxicities of Different Essential Oils to Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Adults”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44, no. 1 (March 2020): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.587710.
EndNote Kesdek M, Usanmaz Bozhüyük A, Kordalı Ş (March 1, 2020) Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44 1 39–47.
IEEE M. Kesdek, A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük, and Ş. Kordalı, “Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults”, TED, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 39–47, 2020, doi: 10.16970/entoted.587710.
ISNAD Kesdek, Memiş et al. “Toxicities of Different Essential Oils to Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Adults”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44/1 (March 2020), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.587710.
JAMA Kesdek M, Usanmaz Bozhüyük A, Kordalı Ş. Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. TED. 2020;44:39–47.
MLA Kesdek, Memiş et al. “Toxicities of Different Essential Oils to Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Adults”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 44, no. 1, 2020, pp. 39-47, doi:10.16970/entoted.587710.
Vancouver Kesdek M, Usanmaz Bozhüyük A, Kordalı Ş. Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. TED. 2020;44(1):39-47.