Konya ve Karaman (Türkiye) illerinde tahıl nematodlarının dağılımı ve popülasyon yoğunluğu

Year 2020, , 223 - 236, 01.06.2020

Elif Yavuzaslanoglu , Mehmet Karaca , Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu , Atilla Öcal , Halil Elekcioğlu , Metin Aydoğdu

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.668561

Cited By: 9

Abstract

Konya ve Karaman illerinde tahıl alanlarında nematodlarının dağılımı ve popülasyonları 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında araştırılmıştır. Kök yara nematodları; Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953, Pratylenchus neglectus Rensch, 1924 ve Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 (Tylenchida, Pratylenchidae) sırasıyla 69, 7 ve 17 lokasyonda tespit edildi. Tahıl kist nematodu Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984 (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae) 33 lokasyonda bulunmuştur. Soğan sak nematodu, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida, Anguinidae) incelenen örneklerde bulunmamıştır. Pratylenchus spp. toprak örneklerinde %40.5 (6±1 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) ve Heterodera spp. %29 (3±1 kist 250 g kuru toprak^-1) oranında tespit edilmiştir. Ditylenchus spp. (%32.6; 18±3 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) ve Tylenchus spp. (%21.4, 12±3 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1)’nin yaygın olarak dağıldığı belirlenmiştir. Paratylenchus spp. (%0.9, 1±1 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) ve Pratylenchoides spp. (%0.5; 1±1 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) birkaç lokasyonda ve düşük yoğunlukta bulunmuştur. Aphelenchus spp. (%39.1; 33±5 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) ve Aphelenchoides spp. (%51.2; 52±7 nematodes 100 g kuru toprak^-1) fungal beslenen türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Acrobeloides (%65.1; 109±13 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) ve Cephalobus (%19.1; 7±1 nematod 100 g kuru toprak^-1) en yoğun bulunan bakteriyel beslenen nematod cinsleridir.

Keywords

Serbest yaşayan nematodlar, Heterodera spp., morfometrik ölçümler, Pratylenchus spp., türe özgü PCR

Supporting Institution

KMU BAP Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

Proje No: 17YL17

Occurrence and abundance of cereal nematodes in Konya and Karaman Provinces in Turkey

Abstract

Distribution and populations of cereal nematodes in Konya and Karaman Provinces were investigated in 2016 and 2017. Root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953, Pratylenchus neglectus Rensch, 1924 and Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 (Tylenchida, Pratylenchidae), were found at 69, 7 and 17 locations, respectively. Cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984 (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae), was found at 33 locations. Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida, Anguinidae), was not found in any samples. Pratylenchus spp. were found in 40.5% (6±1 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) and Heterodera spp. in 29% (3±1cysts 250 g dry soil^-1) of the soil samples. Ditylenchus spp. (32.6%, 18±3 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) and Tylenchus spp. (21.4%; 12±3 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) were widely distributed. Paratylenchus spp. (0.9%; 1±1 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) and Pratylenchoides spp. (0.5%; 1±1 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) were found in few locations and in low abundance. Aphelenchus spp. (39.1%; 33±5 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) and Aphelenchoides spp. (51.2%; 52±7 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) were identified as the fungal-feeding nematodes. Acrobeloides (65.1%; 109±13 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) and Cephalobus  (19.1%; 7±1 nematodes 100 g dry soil^-1) were the most abundant bacterial-feeding nematode genera.

Keywords

Free living nematodes, Heterodera spp., morphometrics, Pratylenchus spp., species specific PCR

Project Number

Proje No: 17YL17

References

• Abd-Elgawad, M. M. M. & T. H. Askary, 2015. “Impact of Phytonematodes on Agriculture Ecology, 3-49” In: Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes (Eds. T. H. Askary, & P. R. P. Martinelli). CAB International Wallingford, 480 pp.
• Abidou, H., A. El-Ahmed, J. M. Nicol, N. Bolat & R. Rivoal, 2005. Occurence and distribution of species of the Heterodera avenae group in Syria and Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 33: 195-201.
• Akgül, H. C. & M. E. Okten, 1997. Isparta İlinde yağ gülü (Rosa damescana Mill.) yetiştirilen alanlarda farklı toprak yapı ve derinliklerinde bulunan Tylenchida (Nematoda) türleri üzerinde taksonomik araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 21 (4): 269-273.
• Al-Banna, L., A. T. Ploeg, W. M. Williamson & I. Kaloshian, 2004. Discrimination of six Pratylenchus species using PCR and species specific primers. Journal of Nematology, 36 (2): 142-146.
• Castillo, P. & N. Vovlas, 2007. Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management. Nematology Monographs & Perspectives Vol. 6, Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 529 pp.
• Elekcioglu, I. H., 1992. Untersuchungen zum Auftreten and zur Vebreitung Phytoparazitaerer Nematoden in den Landwirtschaflichen Hauptkulturen des Ostimediterranen Gebietes der Türkei. University of Hohenheim, PhD Thesis, Hohenheim, Germany (in German). Plits, 10 (5): 120 pp.
• Enneli, S., D. Crump, S. Maden & G. Ozturk, 1994. “Determination of fungal parasites of cyst nematodes in the Central Anatolia, 289-298”. Proceedings of 3rd Turkish National Congress of Biological Control (25-28 January 1994, Izmir, Turkey), 575 pp.
• Ghini, R., E. Hamada, M. J. P. Junior, J. A. Marengo & R. R. V. Goncalves, 2008. Risk analysis of climate change on coffee nematodes and leaf minter in Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43 (2): 187-194.
• Handoo, Z. A., 2002. A key and compendium to species of the Heterodera avenae group (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Journal of Nematology, 34 (3): 250-262.
• Hooper, D. J., 1986a. “Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil, 5-30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed. J. F.Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK, 202 pp.
• Hooper, D. J., 1986b. “Handling, Fixing, Staining and Mounting Nematodes, 59-80”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed. J. F.Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK, 202 pp.
• Iglesias, A., X. B. Yang, P. R. Epstein & E. Chivian, 2001. Climate change and extreme weather events: Implications for food production, plant diseases and pests. Global Change and Human Health, 2 (2): 90-104.
• Imren, M. & I. H. Elekcioglu, 2008. Diyarbakır İli buğday, sebze ve bağ alanlarında önemli bitki paraziti nematod türlerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of University of Cukurova Institute of Science, 17 (2): 116-121.
• Imren, M., H. Toktay, A. Ozarslandan, J. M. Nicol & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2012. Güney Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi tahıl alanlarinda Tahıl kist nematodu Heterodera avenae grup türlerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36 (2): 265-275.
• JMP, 2009. Statistics and Graphics Guide. Cary, NC, USA, SAS Institute Inc.
• Karaca, M. S., 2018. Konya ve Karaman Yöresi Tahıl Üretim Alanlarındaki Tahil Kist ve Kök Yara Nematodlarının Morfolojik, Morfometrik ve Moleküler Teşhisi. University of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey, (Unpublished) Master’s Thesis, Karaman, Turkey, 87 pp.
• Kepenekci, I., 1999. Orta Anadolu Bölgesinde Yemeklik Baklagil Ekiliş Alanlarındaki Tylenchida (Nematoda) Türleri Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar. University of Ankara, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Ankara, Turkey, 270 pp.
• Kort, J., 1960. A technique for the extraction of Heterodera cysts from wet soil and for the estimation of their egg and larval content. Verslagenen Medelingen Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, 233: 3-7.
• Marek, M., M. Zouhar, O. Douda & J. V. R. Mazakova, 2010. Bioinformatics-assisted characterization of the ITS1-5-8S-ITS2 segments of nuclear rRNA gene clusters and its exploitation in molecular diagnostics of European crop-parasitic nematodes of the genus Ditylenchus. Plant Pathology, 59: 931-943.
• Marek M, M. Zouhar, P. Rysanek & P. Havranek, 2005. Analysis of ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA and development of a PCR-based assay for the rapid identification of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Nematoda: Anguinidae) in plant tissues. Helminthologia, 42: 49-56.
• Morgan, E. R. & R. Wall, 2009. Climate change and parasitic disease: farmer mitigation. Trends in Parasitology, 25 (7): 308-313.
• Nicol, J. M. & I. Ortiz-Monastterio, 2004. Effect of root lesion nematode on wheat yields and plant susceptibility in Mexico. Nematology, 6 (4): 485-493.
• Nicol, J. M., R. Rivoal, S. Taylor & M. Zaharieva, 2003. Global Importance of cyst (Heteroderaspp.) and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on cereals: distribution, yield loss, use of host resistance and integration of molecular tools. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, 2: 233-251.
• Osmanoglu (Tan), A. N., 2006. Diyarbakır İli Kavun (Cucumis melo L.) ve Karpuz (Citrullus lunatus (Thumb) Mansf.) Ekiliş Alanlarında Tylenchida (Nematoda) Türleri Üzerine Taksonomik Araştırmalar. University of Ankara, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Ankara, Turkey, 216 pp.
• Ozturk, G., A. F. Yıldırım & S. Enneli, 1998. “Distribution and frequency of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (H. avenae Wollenveber) in Konya wheat growing area, 260-264”. Proceedings of Turkey Phytopatology Congress (21-25 September 1998, Ankara, Turkey), 400 pp.
• Rumpenhorst, H. J., I. H. Elekçioğlu, D. Sturhan, G. Ozturk & S. Eneli, 1996. The Cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 24: 135-138.
• Sher, S. A. & M. W. Allen, 1953. Revision of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchidae). University of California Publications in Zoology, 57 (6): 441-469.
• Subbotin, S. A., L. Waeyenberge, I. A. Molokanova & M. Moens, 1999. Identification of Heterodera avenae group species by morphometrics and rDNA-RFLPs. Nematology, 1: 195-207.
• Toktay, H., M. Imren, A. Öcal, L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene & A. Dababat, 2015. Incidence of cereal cyst nematodes in the East Anatolia Region in Turkey. Russian Journal of Nematology, 23: 29-40.
• Toumi, F., L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene, A. Dababat & J. M. Nicol, 2013. Development of a species specific PCR to detect the Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera latipons. Nematology, 15: 709-717.
• TÜİK, 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı 2013. (Web page: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriTabanlari.do?vt_id=65&ust_id=111) (Date accessed: December 2019).
• Vovlas, N., A. Troccoli, J. E. Palomares-Rius, F. De Luca & G. Liebanas, 2011. Ditylenchus gigas n. sp. parasiting broad bean: A new stem nematode singled out from the Ditylenchus dipsaci species complex using a polyphasic approach with molecular phylogeny. Plant Pathology, 60: 762-775.
• Vrain, T. S., D. A. Wakarchuk, A. C. Levesque & R. I. Hamilton, 1992. Inter specific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology,15: 563-573.
• Wallace, M. K., R. H. Rust, D. M. Hawkins & D. H. Macdonald, 1993. Correlation of edaphic factors with plant-parasitic nematode population densities in a forage field. Journal of Nematology, 25 (4): 642-653.
• Yan, G., R. Similey, P. A. Okubara & A. M. Skantar, 2013. Species specific PCR assays for differentiating Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae. Plant Disease, 97: 1611-1619.
• Yavuzaslanoglu, E., O. Ates Sonmezoglu, N. Genc, Z. Akar & B. Terzi, 2018. Molecular characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci on onion in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 151: 195-200.
• Yavuzaslanoglu, E., I. H. Elekçioglu, J. M. Nicol, O. Yorgancilar & D. Hodson, 2012. Distribution, frequency and occurrence of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties. Nematology, 14 (7): 839-854.
• Yeates, G. W., T. D. E. Bongers, R. G. M. Goede, D. W. Freckman & S. S. Georgieva, 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25: 315-331.
• Zouhar, M., M. Marek, O. Douda, J. Mazakova & P. Rysanek, 2007. Conversion of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) bands into high-throughput DNA markers based on RAPD technique for detection of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in crucial plant hosts. Plant Soil and Environment, 53: 97-104.